B8 Gas Exchange and Respiration

Question 1

aerobic respiration

Answer 1

the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

Question 2

anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient
molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Question 3

the balanced equation for an aerobic respiration

Answer 3

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 4

word equation for an aerobic respiration

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 5

the uses of energy in the body of humans
limited to

Answer 5

muscle contraction, protein synthesis,
cell division, growth and the maintenance of a
constant body temperature

Question 6

anaerobic respiration releases much
________ energy per glucose molecule than aerobic
respiration

Answer 6

less

Question 7

word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise

Answer 7

glucose -> lactic acid

Question 8

word equation for anaerobic respiration in microorganism yeast

Answer 8

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 9

___________ builds up in muscles and
blood during vigorous exercise causing an _______
debt

Answer 9

lactic acid, oxygen

Question 10

one advantage of aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration is?

Answer 10

aerobic respiration produces a lot more energy compared to aerobic respiration.

Question 11

During vigorous exercise there is an increase in the rate of breathing. What causes the increase in the rate of breathing?

Answer 11

an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood

Question 12

After sprinting 200m as fast as possible, an athlete could not continue and was breathing deeply. What had accumulated in her muscles?

Answer 12

lactic acid, the athlete respired anaerobically

Question 13

What is oxygen consumption?

Answer 13

the volume of oxygen used by the body per minute.

Question 14

Why does oxygen consumption not return to resting rate immediately after exercise stops?

Answer 14

Anaerobic respiration is taking place; needs to repay oxygen debt/remove lactic acid

Question 15

Alveoli

Answer 15

Tiny air sacs adapted for gas exchange

Question 16

Ribs

Answer 16

Bones that protect and ventilate the lungs

Question 17

Trachea

Answer 17

Tube with incomplete rings of cartilage carries air to lungs; lined with cells making mucus, and cells with cilia to move the mucus away

Question 18

Bronchiole

Answer 18

Carry air to alveoli

Question 19

Diaphragm

Answer 19

Sheet of muscles which is domed; helps to make breathing movement & separates the thorax from the abdomen

Question 20

Pleural membranes

Answer 20

Thin moist membranes forming an airtight seal around the lungs & separating inside of thorax from lungs

Question 21

Intercoastal muscles

Answer 21

Move ribs for ventilation(breathing)

Question 22

the passages down to the lungs are lined with ___________________

Answer 22

ciliated epithelial cells

Question 23

cilia cells

Answer 23

cells with tiny hairs on the end of them that beat and push the mucus up the passages towards the nose and throat where it can be removed

Question 24

mucus

Answer 24

made by goblet cells(shaped like a goblet) which trap inhaled particles(pathogens and dirt) and prevent them from entering the lungs and damaging the cells there

Question 25

differences between inhaled & exhaled air

Answer 25

- different amounts of gases due to exchanges that take place in the alveoli - atmospheric air contains 20-21% oxygen, of which we only absorb around 4-5%, exhaling air containing around 16% oxygen - exhaled air contains more water vapour & higher temperature than inhaled air

Question 26

ventilation

Answer 26

moving air in/out of the lungs

Question 27

limewater is used as a test for____________

Answer 27

carbon dioxide presence

Question 28

CO2 -> bubbling through ________ -> goes ___________

Answer 28

limewater, cloudy/milky

Question 29

tobacco smoking can cause:

Answer 29

lung cancer, Coronary Heart Disease(CHD) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)

Question 30

features of gas exchange surfaces in humans

Answer 30

large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air