B8W1 Antiemetics, motion sickness, spasticity, antiepilieptics, neurodegenerative disorders

Question 1

Antiemetics

Answer 1

Odansetron (Zofran), 
Granisetron (Kytril),
Aprepitant (Emend)
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Dronabinol (Marinol)
Marijuana, 

non productive nausea and vomiting
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Doxylamine + pyroxidine (Diglegis)

Motion sickness
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine),
Meclizine (Antivert),
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Question 2

Odansetron (Zofran)

Answer 2

5HT receptor antagonist

use: antiemetic
admin: oral, oral soluble film, IV

Question 3

Granisetron (Kytril)

Answer 3

5HT receptor antagonist

use: antiemetic
admin: oral, IV, transdermal patch

Question 4

Aprepitant (Emend)

Answer 4

NK1, Sub P, neurokinin receptor antagonist

use: antiemetic
admin: oral, IV

Question 5

Dexamethosone

Answer 5

corticosteroid- synergistic with aprepitant
use: antiemetic
admin; Oral, IV

Question 6

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Answer 6

D2 receptor antagonist (substituted benzamides)
use: antiemetics
admin: oral, IM, IV
SFx: dystonia, tardive dyskinesia

Question 7

Dronabinol (Marinol)

Answer 7

oral cannibinoids (refractory emesis)
admin: smoked, eaten, vaped
SFX: euphoria, dysphoria, hallucination, abuse potential

Question 8

Promethazine (Phenergan)

Answer 8

D2 receptors antagonist (substituted phenothazines) block mACh receptors, some anti H1
use: non productive nausea and emesis
admin: oral, suppositories, IM, IV
no dystonias

Question 9

Doxylamine + pyroxidine (Diclegis)

Answer 9

H1 receptor antagonist, mACh receptor

Use: non productive emesis and nausea in pregnancy

Question 10

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

Answer 10

H1 receptor antagonist (short term)

use: vertigo/ motion sickness
admin: oral, IM, IV

Question 11

Meclizine (Antivert)

Answer 11

H1 receptor antagonist (short term)
Use: vertigo/motion sickness
admin: oral

Question 12

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Answer 12

mACh receptor antagonist (long term sustained control)

use: vertigo/motion sickness
admin: transdermal patch, less SFx

Question 13

Baclofen (Lioresal)

Answer 13

GABAb agonist postsynaptically
Use: spasticity control
admin: intrathecally

Question 14

Tizanidine (Zanflex)

Answer 14

GABAb agonist presynaptic glutamine releasing adrenergic receptors
SFx are dry mouth, urination, thirst? (look up adrenergic effects)

Question 15

Vigabatrin

Answer 15

block deg. of GABA in synapse

use: antiepileptic

Question 16

Tigabine

Answer 16

block reuptake of GABA in synapse

use: antiepileptic

Question 17

Benzodiazepines

Answer 17

Anti-epileptics
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (Versed)
Clonazepam (Klonipin)
Phenobarbital
Anti-epileptics

Question 18

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 18

benzo
enhance postsyn GABAa receptor activity
inc. number of times GABAa channel is open
Anti-epileptics

Question 19

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Answer 19

benzo
enhance postsyn GABAa receptor activity
inc. number of times GABAa channel is open
Anti-epileptics

Question 20

Midazolam (Versed)

Answer 20

benzo
enhance postsyn GABAa receptor activity
inc. number of times GABAa channel is open
Anti-epileptics

Question 21

Clonazepam (Klonipin)

Answer 21

benzo
enhance postsyn GABAa receptor activity
inc. number of times GABAa channel is open
Anti-epileptics

Question 22

Phenobarbital

Answer 22

benzo
enhance postsyn GABAa receptor activity
inc. length of time GABAa channel is open
Anti-epileptics

Question 23

Antiepileptic meds that attenuate glutaminergic NT

Answer 23

Gabapentin/Pregabalin
Felbamate
Topiramate
Levetiracetam

Question 24

Phenytoin

Answer 24

Antiepileptic, modifies presynaptic Na channel

Question 25

Lamotrigine

Answer 25

Antiepileptic, modifies presynaptic Ca channel

Question 26

Retigabine

Answer 26

Antiepileptic, modifies presynaptic K channel

Question 27

Carbamazepine

Answer 27

Antiepileptic, modifies presynaptic Na channel

Question 28

Ethosuximide

Answer 28

Antiepileptic, modifies postsynaptic Ca channel

Question 29

Valproate/ Valproic Acid

Answer 29

Antiepileptic, modifies postsynaptic Ca channel

Question 30

Donepezil (Aricept)

Answer 30

Cholinesterase inhibitor | used to treat alzheimers

Question 31

Ravistigmine (Excelon - patch)

Answer 31

Cholinesterase inhibitor | treat alzheimers

Question 32

Levodopa (L-DOPA)

Answer 32

Increases dopamine levels by crossing the BBB | treat parkinsons

Question 33

Tetrabenazine (Xenazine)

Answer 33

selective and reversible dopamine DEPLETING drug inhibits VMAT2 treat huntingtons

Question 34

D2 receptor antagonist (function)

Answer 34

relieves psychosis

Question 35

Riluzole (Rilutek)

Answer 35

inhibits glutamine release, block NMDA and Kainate glu receptors, inhibit Na channels treats ALS treats spasticity in MS