B9 - Emergency Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Features of Crash Axe
A
The crash axe has a:
• Rubber handle insulated to prevent electric shock
• Spike
• Blade.
2
Q
Operation of Crash Axe
A
Inflight
- Use spike end to lever panel open.
- Insert extinguisher and discharge.
- Remove extinguisher and close panel.
Post Accident
Virgin Australia
When cutting metal, use spike end first to make perforations to weaken metal and allow it to be cut more easily.
To deal with physical obstructions by chopping into wrecked fuselage, jammed doors/windows, broken seats or other obstructions.
3
Q
Precaution and After Use of Crash Axe
A
Precautions
• Never use the blade to cut through panels inflight, as circuitry and hydraulic lines could be severed
• Prising with the spike end shall be done gently and cautiously
• Once the crash axe has been removed from the flight deck, crew
are to ensure it is not left unattended.
After Use
Return to stowage in flight deck
Cabin Manager will advise captain where and how crash axe was used.
4
Q
Operation of Dangerous Goods (DGs)
A
- Inform captain.
- If bag has a seal: Open the DG kit by tearing the body of the bag.
- If fumes present, don Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) and
relocate passengers. - Unfold plastic bags from DG Kit.
- Two crew members fit gloves from DG Kit.
- Wear goggles if required.
- Put dangerous goods/contaminated items in first bag.
- Clean spillage if necessary using absorbent pads.
- Put used pads into first bag.
- Close first bag with binder tie.
- Put first bag in second bag.
- Remove gloves/goggles avoiding skin contamination.
- Put gloves in second bag.
- Close second bag with binder tie.
- Using the second DG Kit, treat contaminated seat covers and
cushions in the same manner.
5
Q
After Use of DGs
A
NOTE: FORWARD LAVE WASTE BIN IS NOT TO BE USED TO STOW USED EQUIPMENT
- remove rubbish bag from rear lab
- place dg in waste bin
- closed waste bin door shut to maintain fire seal
- lock lav and place stickers “OUT OF SERVICE” and ‘DO NOT REMOVE THIS TAG”
- report
- cc not allowed to remove
- wait for pit crew leader
6
Q
Considerations of DG
A
If DG Kits and PBEs are used, separate these if possible using rearmost lavatory waste bins and atlas boxes
Automatic extinguisher in the lavatory bin will activate if the bag overheats. If the item is too large for the bin, place in a metal atlas box on floor of lavatory.
7
Q
When shall ELT be carried?
A
ELTs shall be carried whenever:
- Rafts are required to be carried on an aircraft.
- Aircraft are scheduled to fly across remote areas that would make search and rescue difficult.
One ELT is required when one raft is carried, and at least two ELTs when more than one raft is carried.
8
Q
Features of OLD ELT
A
RESCU 406 (SE) Features
An ELT is a water activated transmitter
Equipped with a lanyard and self-erecting antenna
Water-soluble tape on ELT secures antenna. On immersion in water, tape breaks allowing antenna to erect under spring tension
4 MODES
- ARM: ELT transmission will commence on immersion in water.
note: Engineers will install ELT in armed mode - XMT: Used for manual activation of ELT transmission
- OFF: Deactivates ELT transmission
- TEST: Engineering function only
Manual activation on land using switch; there is no requirement to insert ELT into liquid
Strobe light at base of antenna confirms ELT transmission
Operates in fresh or salt water.
9
Q
Operation of OLD ELT
Ditching and Land
A
Ditching
1. Remove from brackets.
- Once on board raft, unroll free end of lanyard at top of ELT.
- Tie lanyard securely to raft.
- Confirm switch is in ‘ARM’ position.
- Place ELT in water to commence transmission.
- Confirm ELT is activated by observing white light at base of
antenna, which will flash after approximately 10 seconds. - Antenna will automatically erect after approximately 5 minutes.
Land Evacuation
- Remove from brackets.
- Position ELT in area clear of obstructions at highest point for best transmission.
- Rotate switch anti-clockwise to ‘XMT’ position (through OFF position).
- Break tape securing antenna, with hand over antenna.
10
Q
Features on NEW ELT
A
Toggle switch shall be pulled upwards prior to selecting required position
3 position switch with following modes:
- ARM: ELT transmission will commence as soon as antenna is
released from foam flotation ring. Engineers will install ELT in ARM mode - OFF: Deactivates ELT transmission
- ON: Manually activates transmission
- Antenna requires manual release from foam flotation ring
- LEF indicator on ELT will initially flash amber approx. once every 2 secs. LED Indicator will flash green once GPS position has been detected by internal receiver
NOTE:
while in armed ate, transmission will be initiated through water activation without releasing antenna. However, when antenna is raised transmission of emergency signals are more effective
Carry it by the base and not antenna
11
Q
Operation of New ELT
Ditching and Land
A
Ditching
- Remove from brackets.
- Once on board raft, unroll lanyard at top of ELT.
- Tie lanyard securely to raft.
- Release antenna from stowed position under foam flotation ring, to upright position.
- Confirm switch is in ‘ARM’ position.
- Place ELT in water.
Land Evacuation
- Remove from brackets.
- Position ELT in area clear of obstructions at highest point for best transmission.
- Release antenna from stowed position under foam flotation ring, to upright position.
- Lift toggle switch to manually set to ‘ON’ position.
Confirm ELT is activated by observing LED indicator.
12
Q
Duration of New ELT
A
\Minimum: 24 hr on highest frequency (406 MHz)
Minimum: 50 hr on lower frequencies (121.5 MHz, 406 (SE): 243 MHz).
13
Q
Precaution of ELT and After Use
A
Precautions
- After evacuation, if survivors/rafts are together, activate one ELT immediately. If two portable ELTs are carried, consider activating second ELT 24 hours later
- The flashing light should not be used to indicate when to activate any additional portable ELTs as it will continue to transmit on a lower frequency until the battery exhausts.
After Use
After rescue switch to ‘OFF’ position.
14
Q
Operation of FCB
Fire Containment Bag
A
- Grasp the black handle with one hand and the zipper loop (metal ring) with the other hand and pull firmly to break the red security seal and open the clear protection bag.
- Remove FCB from clear protective bag.
- Remove the three flaps from inside the FCB.
- Using fire gloves, place the lithium battery/PED inside the FCB.
- Close and seal the three flaps (one on top and two on either side)
on the outside of the FCB by pressing them firmly down on the Velcro strips
CAUTION:
If required to place the FCB on a surface (e.g. lavatory floor), the bag shall be placed top flap side facing down.
15
Q
Size of Fire Containment Bag
A
Flight Deck: Small
Cabin: Large
16
Q
Precaution of FCB and Consideration
A
Precautions
• Fire protection gloves shall be worn when using the FCB
• Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) is recommended for use with the FCB
• FCB will not contain all smoke/fumes
• It is not recommended to reopen the FCB after it is sealed.
Considerations
Water is able to be poured into the FCB prior to closing and sealing the flaps.
17
Q
After Use of FCB
A
If Used:
It shall remain in the container (e.g. standard unit)/location (e.g. lavatory floor) in which it was placed after its use. If the aircraft arrives into a port where there is no engineer, crew shall place the used bag back into the clear protection bag and stow in rear most overhead locker until the aircraft arrives in a port with an engineer, whereby the used FCB will be removed and replaced (where available).
Not Used
Place the FCB back into the clear protection bag and return to its onboard stowage.
18
Q
Operation of Fire Extinguisher
A
Operation
1. Remove extinguisher from stowage bracket.
2. Remove safety pin and red plastic tie.
3. Test: Hold upright, with fingers under the handle, squeeze lever
downward with thumb.
4. Aim nozzle at base of flames and, with fingers under the handle,
squeeze lever downward with thumb.
5. Use sweeping motion.
19
Q
Duration of Fire Extinguisher
A
Duration
Approximately 10 seconds.
20
Q
Precaution. of Fire Extinguisher
A
- Use extinguisher 1-2 m away from fire where possible
• Never hold extinguisher at an angle greater than 60° (from vertical)
• Use of PBE is recommended, particularly in confined spaces or if
fumes or heavy smoke present
• BCF/Halon extinguishant is not a cooling agent. After fighting a non-electrical fire, always
dampen and cool area with water
- Ensure nozzle points towards fire
- Initial discharge may cause paper or fabric fires to scatter
- Initial discharge may cause flare up when extinguishant contacts fire
- Content of BCF/Halon and the by-products created by the heat of the fire are toxic
- Unprotected exposure to the contents of BCF/Halon can result in dizziness, difficulty breathing, as well as eye and nose irritation
- After discharge of an entire fire extinguisher, it can take up to 7 minutes for agent to dissipate
- Signs of smoke should be clear and agent dissipated before removal of oxygen masks or protective breathing equipment
- Leaks may be difficult to detect. Very small leaks may be heard as the pressurised contents of the extinguisher escape. More significant leaks may result in personnel experiencing eye and breathing irritation
- As the pressure from the fire extinguisher decreases, if safe to do so it may be necessary to move closer than 1-2 m to the fire.
NOTE:
If an extinguisher was found to be leaking, inform the Cabin Manager and the flight crew immediately. The extinguisher shall be treated as a dangerous good,
21
Q
Preparing Handcuffs for Use
A
- Prepare the handcuffs out of view of the passenger.
- Hold the handcuffs and set one side at a time.
- Gripping one side of the handcuff, push the jaw through until the
notch reaches the frame. - Repeat step 3. for the other side of the handcuffs.
- The handcuffs are now SET and ready for use.
22
Q
Operation of Handcuffs
During Arrest of Pax
A
Operation
- Push the jaw firmly against the wrists of the person to be restrained. The jaw will flip through the cheek and the teeth will engage.
- To prevent the handcuff from becoming too tight the handcuffs need to be DOUBLE LOCKED. Use the small peg at the top of the key. Insert this into the double lock slot (hollow rectangle shape) and slide the wire strip towards the keyhole. The handcuffs are now double locked.
- To visually check this, look into the hollow rectangle. The wire should no longer be visible.
- Once passenger has been restrained, return key to stowage case.
Release Double Lock
- Insert key into keyhole and rotate key in one direction until click is heard. Wire in rectangular hole will be visible.
- Rotate key in opposite direction and hold to release jaw from cheek. Handcuffs will slide off.
- If handcuffs are not double locked, insert key into keyhole and turn to release jaw from cheek.
After Use
Return handcuffs and keys to stowage pouch.
23
Q
Precaution of Handcuffs
A
Precautions
• Be confident and assertive when using
• Be careful not to cause injury to the person being restrained (pinching of skin when applying handcuffs and lack of circulation to hands after fitting)
• Avoid fitting handcuffs over clothing
• Offender shall not be restrained to any part of the aircraft at any
time
• Offender shall be able to walk freely if evacuation is required.
24
Q
Consideration of Handcuffs
A
Considerations
On arrival of law enforcement officers, request return of handcuffs.
25
Features of Life Jacket
Stored in a plastic pouch or seat stowage with a 'PULL TO OPEN' tag
* Double chambers and automatic inflation toggles
* The life jacket is designed to keep the wearer's head out of the water
* Primary method of inflation is to pull the toggle(s) which activate carbon dioxide cylinder(s)
* Mouthpiece(s) for oral inflation and deflation
* Whistle to attract attention and assist in crowd control
• Light illuminated by water operated battery. Immerse the battery in
water to activate the light. Once activated, the light cannot be turned off
• On some aircraft, a strap attaches the life jacket to the stowage to keep the life jacket near the seat should it inadvertently fall out.
26
Operation of Life Jacket
Operation Fitment
1. Tear open plastic bag containing the life jacket.
2. Remove life jacket and unroll.
3. Place head through opening at top
4. Pass tape/strap around waist and clip two ends together.
5. Pull waist strap to tighten
6. If necessary, when fitting the adult/child life jacket to a child, secure life jacket by passing the tape between the child's legs and tie firmly to the waist tape at the back.
Inflation
Inflate upon exiting the aircraft:
1. Pull red toggle(s) to inflate.
2. Use oral mouthpiece(s) for further inflation, if required.
3. To deflate (if required) push in valve in centre of inflation mouthpiece(s).
27
Duration of Life Jacket LIGHT
Minimum 8 hours.
28
Consideration of Life Jacket
Considerations
Engineers will ensure passenger seats are fitted with an adult/child life jacket. If a passenger advises they do not have a life jacket under or beside their seat:
- Restow life jacket if fallen out of pouch
- If life jacket missing, replace with spare adult life jacket
- If life jacket appears to have been tampered with Cabin Manager (CM) will inform captain who will liaise with engineering
- Report to CM if spare life jacket has been used,
29
Features of Infant Life Jacket
* Lanyard for attaching infant life jacket to supervising adult once
outside aircraft
* Harness strap
* No whistle.
30
Operation of Infant Life Jacket
Fitment
1. Tear open plastic bag containing the life jacket.
2. Remove life jacket and unroll.
3. Put infant's head through opening at top, ensuring the light is on the
left.
4. Place harness strap that runs from top to bottom of jacket between infant's legs.
5. Check press stud at top of harness strap is fastened.
6. Pull harness strap to secure the strap between the infant’s legs.
7. Pass waist/body strap around infant and clip two ends together.
8. Pull waist/body strap tight to secure.
Inflation
At an exit, immediately prior to evacuating:
1. Pull two red toggles to inflate life jacket.
2. Use two oral mouthpieces for further inflation, if required.
3. To deflate (if required) push in valve in centre of inflation mouthpieces.
4. Once outside the aircraft, attach infant life jacket lanyard to supervising adult.
31
Precautions and Consideration of Infant Life Jacket
Precautions
• Recommended for use by infants up to 4 years of age or 16 kg
• Do not inflate infant life jacket using oral mouthpieces before pulling
on red toggles, as it may result in chambers bursting.
Considerations
Infant life jackets are only to be distributed in an emergency situation. They are not to be distributed with the infant seat belt.
32
Features of Life Raft
Features
• Inflation time: approximately 30 seconds
• Two buoyancy tubes with fabric floor suspended between top and bottom tubes
• Fully reversible
• Lifeline located around outside of raft to aid evacuees in water
• Water activated locator lights
• Knife (attached to raft)
• Rescue quoit/heaving line
• Sea anchor
• Survival kit (attached to raft), refer Section 0.25.6 - Survival Kit
• Two aspirators to draw in ambient air to initially inflate raft
• Inflation line/mooring line.
33
Capacity of Life Raft
Capacity: 56
Overload: 84
Weight: 44KG
34
Operation of Raft
1. Check exits are usable.
2. Move raft to usable exits.
3. Open exit.
4. Secure inflation line to aircraft:
Door Exit: Pass inflation line through evacuation handle and clip back on itself.
Overwing Exit:
• Primary method: Clip inflation line to forward life raft
attachment point:
- B737-700: In the exit frame.
- B737-800: In the rear exit frame.
• Alternate method: Fasten seat belt nearest exit and pass
inflation line through belt and clip back on itself.
5. Push raft into water; it shall be clear of door and wing area before inflation.
6. To inflate, pull firmly on the handle on the inflation line. Do not pull inflation line midway as this could cause the raft to move towards the aircraft and get damaged or inflate inside the aircraft.
7. An Able-Bodied Person (ABP) should board the raft first and hold raft close to exit with mooring line to assist with passenger boarding.
8. Fill far side of raft first, distributing occupants evenly around raft and
seating them as soon as possible.
9. Ensure Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) are passed into
rafts with additional equipment.
Once all occupants are onboard:
1. Turn both aspirator handles a quarter turn clockwise, until the handles click in place to secure aspirators in 'OFF' position.
2. Cut mooring line as close to aircraft as possible.
3. Tie ELT to raft and deploy.
4. Use heaving line to retrieve passengers from water.
5. Deploy sea anchor.
6. Retrieve survival kit.
7. Open survival kit and read life raft manual, refer Section 0.25.6 -
35
Survival Kit. (RAFT)
```
Contents
• Hand pump and adaptor
• Bailing bucket
• Canopy (non-inflatable) and rods
• Raft repair kit
• Dehydrated sponge
• Life raft manual
• Heliograph/signal mirror
• Flares (day/night)
• Sea dye marker
• Fresh water (approximately 1000 ml)
• Flashlight
• Water purification tablets
• Ammonia inhalant
• Antiseptic swabs
• Blister burn ointment
• Bandages
• Whistle
• Knife.
```
36
Operation of Heliograph
1. Secure Lanyard.
2. Hold at eye level, mirror facing out.
3. Hold finger/s or hand at arm's length.
4. View finger/s or hand through sight hole.
5. Position mirror so sunlight will reflect on finger/s or hand.
6. Align reflection on finger/s or hand with search craft, maintaining sunlight reflection.
37
Features of sea Dye Marker and Duration
Features
• Creates green fluorescent dye when exposed to water
• Instructions printed on casing.
Duration
Maximum: 4 hours (visibility in water, depending on sea conditions).
38
Operation of Sea Dye Marker
1. Remove cap.
2. Gradually pour dye into water evenly.
NOTE
Use only one sea dye marker at a time and only when search and craft has been sighted
39
Features of Flare and Duration
Features
• Used day or night
• Water proof and will float
• Instructions printed on casing.
Duration
Approximately 7 second burn time.
40
Operation of Flare
1. Direct flare upwards away from body at arm's length.
2. Press top, flare will drop down.
3. Pull down to lock.
4. Unscrew cap.
5. Pull chain to launch, holding flare facing downwind, over edge of raft.
NOTE:
use one at a time
Use only when search craft has been sighted
41
Operation of Megaphone
Operation
1. Remove from brackets.
2. Hold pointing towards passengers.
3. Squeeze hand grip.
4. Speak into mouthpiece with a strong, confident voice.
5. Adjust volume using control dial on side.
6. Activate horn to attract attention of passengers as required. Pull pin adjacent to volume control dial; megaphone will emit loud intermittent horn.
7. To turn horn off, replace pin (connected by lanyard) or squeeze handgrip to temporarily interrupt.
42
3 Modes of Flight Crew Mask
Oxygen Flow Modes
Mask is stowed with control knob set to 100% mode. There are three modes on the mask:
Normal Mode
• At lower cabin altitudes ambient air is mixed with added oxygen during inhalation. As cabin altitude increases the percentage of ambient air entering the regulator is reduced until at a preset point, the user inhales 100% oxygen. In an emergency depressurisation the regulator will automatically provide 100% oxygen when cabin altitude exceeds preset point.
100% Mode
• 100% oxygen provided to user upon inhalation, regardless of cabin altitude.
Emergency Mode
• Provides 100% oxygen, supplied at positive pressure regardless of cabin altitude. The positive pressure purges smoke and toxic fumes from face seal and maintains visual protection.
43
Precaution of Flight Crew Mask
Precautions
Moisture can accumulate inside any type of closed eyewear and shall be removed to prevent condensation forming on the lens.
At the first sign of moisture or condensation, regulator should be switched to 'EMER'
remain in position until lens has cleared.
Repeat if required.
44
Operation of Flight Crew Mask
When the cabin altitude rises to 10 000 ft a master caution light is activated in the flight deck. This alerts the flight crew to fit their oxygen masks.
To don the oxygen mask:
1. Using one hand grasp and depress the red buttons on the sides of the regulator.
2. Pull upward to expose the entire regulator and mask assembly.
3. Take the mask to your face and put your face into the orinasal cone, ensuring the mask harness is behind your head.
4. Release the red buttons so the harness fits firmly to your face and head.
5. Check the mask fits, seals and functions properly.
NOTE
whole operation should take 5 seconds
45
Features of Oxygen Bottles
Features
Sling type carry strap for the wearer to use when walking through cabin.
Scott
• High and low flow outlets.
Integra
• Flow selector (2 L per minute or 4 L per minute)
• Swivel pressure gauge
• Single swivel flow outlet.
46
Operation of Oxygen Bottle
1. remove from brackets
2. Integra: ensure on/off control valves is closed - in "OFF" position
3. remove oxygen mask stowage pouch
4. secure bottle by placing head and one arm through shoulder strap - sitting diagonally
5. Connect mask tubing to oxygen
CONNECT MASK
1. Remove the dust cover on oxygen bottle.
2. Check O-ring is present in mask connector.
3. Line up the slot on the oxygen mask connector with the pin on 'HI' flow outlet and rotate to lock into place.
6. SCOTT: Turn on/off control valve fully on (Anticlockwise)
INTEGRA: start oxygen flow slowly
7. listen for sound of oxygen
8. place maske over nose and mouth and elastic strap over the head
9. adjust straps
10. gently squeeze metal band
11. check no kinks in tubing
12. Observe passenger's condition and select flow rate according to needs of person being treated.
13. Monitor oxygen bottle pressure, with gauge facing crew member.
14.Turn off when no longer required.
47
Precautions of Oxygen Bottle
Precautions
• Prepare out of sight of passenger
• Do not drop or bump oxygen bottle
• Do not handle oxygen bottle or mask with greasy hands
• Do not let the pressure fall below 50 psi, unless it is an emergency
situation
• Do not confuse light weight bottle with volume of oxygen contained
• Scott: 'HI' and 'LO' outlet locations differ between models
• Integra: When in use, ensure On/Off knob is turned completely ‘ON’
• Brief an Able-Bodied Person (ABP) to assist and monitor the
passenger's condition. Never leave the passenger unattended.
48
Consideration and After use of Oxygen bottle
Considerations
Scott: In an emergency, oxygen masks can be inserted into Hi. and LO flow outlets to deliver oxygen to two people at once
After Use
1. Reattach oxygen mask stowage pouch.
2. Restow oxygen bottle in brackets.
3. Captain will issue Cabin Manager (CM) an 'OXY USED' tag which is to be attached to the unserviceable/used oxygen bottle.
4. Dispose of oxygen mask and tubing.
49
Operation of PBE
Operation
1. Open box by lifting latch marked 'Lift'.
2. Remove PBE from box.
3. Grasp red strip with one hand and tear bag open along perforated
edge.
4. Remove PBE.
5. Pull ring marked 'PULL TO ACTUATE' in direction indicated.
6. Flow of oxygen will be heard. If there is no audible flow of oxygen, discard PBE and retrieve another.
7. Widen neck seal and guide PBE over face and head.
8. Pull PBE down until headband engages forehead.
9. Ensure neck seal clear so tight seal can be maintained around
neck.
10. Pull PBE skirt down over shoulders and chest.
Removal
1. Remove PBE away from fire or smoke.
2. Brush hands through hair to break down oxygen build up.
50
Duration of PBE
Duration
| Minimum: 15 minutes
51
Precaution of PBE
Precautions
* After pulling the ring marked 'PULL TO ACTUATE', there may be a short delay before the flow of oxygen can be heard
* Presence of strong irritating odours inside the PBE indicates seal is ineffective. Check the neck seal. If the condition persists or neck seal is torn move to a safe place and remove PBE
* Be careful when removing PBE as the generator at the back will be hot
* Guard against feeling of invincibility, PBE leaves the body exposed to heat and flames
* Verbal communications may not be easily audible. Adjust communications as required
* If wearing glasses, adjust them through PBE fabric
* Signs of smoke should be clear and fire extinguisher agent should be dissipated before removal of PBE.
52
After Use of PBE
After Use
- Place used PBE on galley bench until generator has cooled
Once PBE has cooled:
- Remove rubbish bag from lavatory waste bin and place PBE
inside waste bin. Shut waste bin door to ensure fire seal is
maintained
- Lock lavatory door. Monitor during flight
- Cabin Manager will advise captain how many PBE(s) were used and their location. Captain will record in Maintenance Log (VAGP-ENG-087)
- After landing, hand used PBE(s) to engineer.
53
Precaution and Consideration of Infant Seatbelt
Precautions
• Ensure seat belts are not twisted
• Under no circumstances is the adult to fasten their seat belt around both themselves and the infant
• The infant seat belt is the only piece of equipment permitted to secure an infant unless an approved CRS is used, refer Volume A4: Cabin Crew Policy and Procedures Manual, Section 10.18 - Child Restraint Systems.
Considerations
Shall only be used as an extension when all extension seat belts have been used. If this occurs, complete a Safety Report (VAGP-SS-006)
An infant seat belt can be used by a passenger who is using an extension seat belt.
54
Features and Duration of DME Tourch
Features
• Shock and water resistant
• High density beam
• Flash time reflects strength of battery condition and duration.
Duration
• Minimum: 30 min
• Maximum: 4 hrs.
55
Operation of DME Torch and After Use
Operation
(For emergency use only)
1. Remove from bracket.
2. Torch will illuminate automatically.
AFTER USE
Turn off by replacing in stowage or unscrewing end and separating two connectors.
56
Features of Air Lite Torch and Duration
Features
Water resistant.
Duration
Maximum: 4 hrs
57
Operation and After use of Air Lite Torch
Operation
1. Remove from brackets.
2. Torch will illuminate automatically.
After Use
Turn off by replacing in stowage or unscrewing end and removing battery.
58
What is Dangerous Goods
Dangerous Goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a hazard to health, safety property or the environment when transported by air.
59
CC Immediate Actions when Dealing with dangerous Goods and Infection Waste
General
1. Do not touch item.
2. Identify item and passenger responsible.
3. Advise flight crew and other cabin crew of:
a. Any information detailed on the item.
b. Whether fumes are present.
c. A description of the fumes/smell.
d. The location of the item or area of cabin/galley affected by
fumes/smell.
4. Keep flight deck door closed if fumes/smoke present.
5. Adopt fire fighting roles, if required.
6. Obtain Dangerous Goods Kit and follow operating instructions as
outlined in Section 0.12 - Dangerous Goods Kit.
60
Actions to take when Fumes present in Cabin
Fumes Present
1. Keep flight deck door closed.
2. Relocate passengers.
3. Offer wet towels to passengers and advise to keep heads low.
4. Crew members don Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE).
5. Provide oxygen to passengers if fumes are causing irritation
6. Do not use water as it may spread the spillage and increase the rate
of fuming.
61
What to do if Mould/Powder is Present?
| Dangerous Goods and Infectious Waste
Cover with dry cloth or blanket.
62
What does NITS stand for?
Nature of Emergency
Intended plain of Action
Time
Special Instructions
63
How long should Cabin Prep Take?
Apron. 20 minutes
NOTE:
If there is less than 20 minutes available for the cabin preparation, the Cabin Manager (CM) shall assess which duties should be carried out and brief cabin crew members. The Passenger Brief and securing areas shall be given priority during a Cabin Preparation. By omitting the ABP briefs and re-seating of passengers, the Cabin Preparation will take a minimum of 10-12 minutes to complete.
64
Primary Cabin Prep Signal
“This is the Captain, Cabin Manager report to the flight deck immediately.”
NOTE:
If for any reason the CM is not aware the Cabin Preparation signal was given, another crew member shall notify the CM immediately.
65
Cabin Prep
Whilst CM is receiving non-normal brief from captain, cabin crew member(s) shall:
• Return service carts, service trolleys and galley equipment to
stowage areas
• Secure all curtains open
• Turn cabin and galley lights to brightest setting - 1R
All crew to be aware of lighting settings.
• Obtain CP cards
• A crew member shall collect CP card and PA Handbook for the CM:
- 1R
• Check lavatory(ies) vacant and locked (where appropriate)
• If the emergency signal is given during a crew rest period, cabin
crew shall ensure the emergency signal has been received by those
on rest.
If time permits:
• Check passenger seat belts fastened
• Check crew rest areas vacant and locked (where appropriate).
66
Cabin Prep
| Crew members are to complete ABP briefs as per exit and ELT/Raft
1 APB Per Door - Primary crew of Door
Overwing Exits
1 ABP/ext: 2L
ELT
1 ABP/ELT: 1L
Life Rafts
2 ABP/Raft: Primary Crew
Blocker (Ditching with life rafts only)
1ABP: 2R (AT Galley Entrance
67
Consideration of Briefing ABPs in Cabin Prep
• Ensure that the ABP is willing and able to help
• The ABP should be briefed in front of the exit/equipment stowage using clear, simple words and positive instructions
• ABP selection should be considered in the following order:
- Virgin Australia crew
- Other airline crew
- Military and police personnel
- Medical personnel and others dealing well with situation (possible ABPs can be asked to identify themselves via PA)
• Crew shall use the ABP Briefing Card as a reference
• Crew may use the Safety Instruction Card as a pictorial reference
• Only one task to be assigned to each ABP
• Consider briefing all passengers in the same block of seats for the
overwing exit with the required ABP brief
• Once briefed, confirm ABP's understanding of the instructions given
• Re-secure passengers once moved and briefing has taken place.
68
Brace Signal
"This is the captain - brace, brace."
69
TRUE OR FALSE:
When there is insufficient time prior to an emergency landing/ditching to conduct a Cabin Preparation, the Cabin Preparation signal and procedures are not required.
TRUE:
The flight crew may elect to brief the CM and crew members via interphone.
If directed by the flight crew to immediately notify passengers, the CM shall assess the actual time available and prioritise the most important safety information that passengers should know before an emergency landing/ditching:
• Advising passengers of the impending Brace PA by the captain
• Reminder to passengers of the brace positions and reference to the
Safety Instruction Card
• Location of the nearest exits
• Listen carefully to crew commands
• Stow personal handheld items.
Consideration should be given to:
- Whether normal pre-landing cabin duties have been completed
- Use of PAs already published in the PA Handbook which may be helpful
70
CC Immediate actions for Cracked Cabin Window
Cabin Crew Immediate Actions
1. Reassure passenger.
2. Inform captain and other crew members.
3. Advise passenger that the captain has been informed.
4. Relocate passenger(s), ensure seat belts are fastened, stow loose articles.
5. Resume normal duties unless instructed by captain.
71
Regulatory Offences of Disruptive passengers
Regulatory Offences
* Boarding intoxicated or on drugs
* Interfering with a crew member
* Tampering with an aircraft, an aircraft component or item of equipment.
* Commits acts that threaten safety of aircraft, passengers and crew
• Offensive/disorderly behaviour, to the discomfort or distress of other passengers and or crew that may include:
- Threatening violence to the extent of possible damage \
- not following crew instructions
Power is granted to air crew during flight to make an arrest onboard. Arrest and restraint of a passenger is a serious outcome and shall only be used as a last resort.
72
Types of Disruptive Passengers
- disruptive
- unruly
- violent
73
Indication of Disruptive Passenger and Crew Actions
Disruptive Passenger:
• Loud, rude behaviour • No laws broken
• Disturbing to other
passengers and crew
Cabin Crew Action
• Speak calmly to the passenger, and listen to their problem
• Inform other crew members and Cabin Manager (CM) of the situation. CM should keep the captain informed
• Discontinue bar service if this is contributing to the problem
• Establish a neutral friendly relationship, remaining professional at all times
• Suggest alternative seating if others are being disrupted
• Exchange duties with another crew member if person has an irrational dislike for you.
74
What is an Unruly Passenger and Cabin Crew Actions
Unruly Passenger:
• Refusal to comply with regulations
• Continued abuse (verbal)
• Interference or non-compliance with crew member's instructions
Cabin Crew Actions:
• Follow above actions ensuring CM and captain are aware of the current situation
• The captain may elect to turn on the fasten seat belt sign to assist in the control of the passenger
• Using the manifest, CM should address the passenger by name, asking for the offensive behaviour to stop
• Final warning should be given that further action will be taken if the situation is not rectified.
75
Indication of Violent Passenger and Crew Actions
Violent Passenger:
• Threatens violence
• Commits a violent act against a passenger, staff member or the aircraft
• Affects the safety of the aircraft, passengers or staff
Cabin Crew Actions:
CM will gain approval from the captain to restrain a passenger using the handcuffs.
76
Fuel Spillage:
| If fuel is spilled creating a fire hazard, the flight crew will ensure that:
• The airport fire service is notified
• Passengers onboard/boarding/disembarking are directed off the aircraft to a point at least 15 m from fuel spillage.
Flight crew, or in their absence the pit crew leader will ensure that:
• Mobile power units, pre-conditioned air units, vehicles and power operated loading devices operating within 15 m of the spilled fuel
are shut down and where applicable removed from the area
• Maintenance work of any nature on or within the aircraft is suspended and not recommenced until the spilled fuel has been removed
• The pit crew leader shall take necessary steps to ensure the aircraft can be removed from the affected area as soon as possible
• When the APU is operating, once passengers have disembarked the APU should be shut down
• If possible, the flight crew and pit crew leader should consider preparing the aircraft to remove it from the affected area as soon as possible.
NOTE:
Crew should be aware that fuel spillage is a fire hazard and it may be necessary to conduct a precautionary disembarkation or an evacuation.
77
Subtle Incapacitation
```
• Decision making concerns
• Passengers raising concerns about
behaviour
• Any new medication started (if disclosed)
• Mood changes (e.g. irritation, angry)
• Lack of co-ordination
• Shaky
• Inability to follow instruction
• Slurred speech.
```
78
Obvious Incapacitation
* Passing out
* Physical injuries (e.g. burns) • Pain
* Aggressive mood/ behaviour • Dizzy spells
* Vision problems
* Gastrointestinal issues
* Head injury.
79
If Flight Crew Member Is Unconscious and Breathing:
Secure incapacitated flight crew member:
1. Slide seat fully back and across.
2. Remove headset.
3. Recline seat as far as possible.
4. Secure 5-point harness.
5. Cross flight crew member's arms under shoulder harness securely.
6. Lock shoulder harness inertia reel.
7. Administer flight crew oxygen - 100% oxygen.
8. Monitor the flight crew member’s condition.
If a passenger provides medical assistance and is required to communicate with flight crew, this shall be done from the cabin via the interphone.
80
If Flight Crew Member Is Not Breathing:
Remove incapacitated flight crew member:
1. Slide seat fully back and across
2. Remove headset.
3. Recline seat as far as possible.
4. Remove flight crew member from seat.
5. On advice from the other flight crew member, take the incapacitated
flight crew member into the cabin or galley and commence CPR.
6. Monitor the flight crew member's condition.
If the incapacitated flight crew member has been removed from their seat for CPR, consideration should be given for continuing CPR for landing.
If a passenger provides medical assistance and is required to communicate with flight crew, this shall be done via the interphone.
NOTE: It is not advisable to attempt CPR in a seated position as the compressions may not be effective.
81
Involuntary Off-Load
Occurs when a passenger onboard the aircraft is removed by Virgin Australia. Possible reasons for a passenger to be off-loaded include, but are not limited to:
• Intoxication
• Offensive or disorderly behaviour to a crew member or another
passenger
• Any act that threatens safety of aircraft or of persons onboard
• Does not meet Virgin Australia requirements to travel
82
Passenger Joking about Bombs
Assess the Remark
Any time a passenger makes a comment that may be perceived as ‘joking’ about bombs and/or weapons, crew are to assess the remarks. Verify with the person making the comment if they are joking by asking: "Sir/Madam, I warn you that your remarks may be considered a threat under the Aviation Transport Security Regulations and you may be charged by the police if you continue. Further to this you may not be carried for a period of 24 hours. Is this a joke?"
Act professionally and alleviate any threat perceived by other passengers.
83
What is a Precautionary Disembarkation
A precautionary disembarkation:
* Is not an evacuation and the evacuation drill and commands shall not be used
* Can take place at any time during ground operations.
Stairs, aerobridge or slides may be used to disembark passengers.
Therefore, as a general rule, when a precautionary disembarkation is ordered, the armed/disarmed state of any doors NOT used (where applicable) for the procedure should stay in their present state.
Flight crew will ascertain from AMCO or ground crew, the time required to deploy an aerobridge or stairs.
The use of slides shall only be considered in circumstances where:
- There is no other option available
- The time required to deploy other disembarkation devices is considered by the captain to be excessive in relation to the threat/incident necessitating the precautionary disembarkation.
84
After a rejected take-off one of the following situations will occur:
* Return for take-off
* Return to the gate
* An alert phase
* A precautionary disembarkation
* An evacuation.
85
CC immediate actions after rejected Take-off
Cabin Crew Immediate Actions
1. Maintain brace position.
2. Commence brace commands if appropriate.
Cabin Crew Follow-up Actions
Aircraft Structurally Intact and in Level Position
1. Remain seated.
2. Await flight crew instructions.
Aircraft Structurally Damaged or at Abnormal Angle
1. Await flight crew instructions.
2. If not forthcoming, assess situation and attempt to communicate
with flight crew and other crew members.
3. If no contact possible, initiate evacuation.
86
Positions of handcuffing Passengers
Allocation of Positions
CUFFER Responsibilities
• Setting cuffs and placing handcuffs on passenger
• Directing crew during restraint
• Possession of handcuff key and double-locking handcuffs once
passenger is restrained.
RESTRAINER Responsibility
Responsible for assisting cuffer by physically restraining passenger.
ASSIST Responsibility
Responsible for assisting cuffer by physically restraining passenger.
87
If passenger is suspected to have been smoking:
If passenger is suspected to have been smoking:
1. Do not accuse passenger.
2. Ask if they have been smoking.
3. Inform passenger smoking on an aircraft is against legislation.
4. Ask passenger where they extinguished the cigarette.
5. Investigate the area, dampen if required.
If cigarette is located:
1. Dampen to ensure completely extinguished.
2. Place in a sealable container.
3. Inform captain.
88
What is Turbulence
Turbulence is air movement that sometimes cannot be seen and may occur unexpectedly. It can be caused by a number of different conditions, including jet streams, mountain waves, cold/warm fronts or thunderstorms.
89
Anticipated Turbulence
'Anticipated' refers to the situation where information available to the flight crew from sources such as the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Jeppesen, Weather Radar, Air Traffic Control (ATC) or reports from other aircraft indicate that the flight is likely to be affected by turbulence. If in the judgement of the flight crew, they consider that turbulence is likely then the associated Anticipated Turbulence procedures should be enacted at the appropriate time.
90
Effects of TURBULENCE on Aircraft and Cabin
Effects o Aircraft:
• Moderate bumps and jolts and changes in altitude and/or attitude
• Small variations in airspeed
• Aircraft in positive control at all times.
Effects in Cabin
• Occupants feel strain against seat belt
• Difficulty walking and moving carts
• Unsecured objects move about
• Liquids splash out of cups and containers • Items on carts may rock and possibly tip.
91
Effects on aircraft and in Cabin of SEVERE Turbulence
Effects on Aircraft:
• Large abrupt changes in altitude and/or attitude
• Large airspeed changes
• Aircraft may be difficult to control for short periods.
Effects in Cabin
• Occupants force violently against seat belt
• Difficulty walking/standing impossible without holding on for support
• Unsecured objects tossed about, lifted from floor
• Drawers on carts may lift/fall off.
92
Types of Depressurisation
Gradual Depressurisation
Rapid Depressurisation
Explosive Depressurisation
92
Types of Depressurisation
Gradual Depressurisation
Rapid Depressurisation
Explosive Depressurisation
93
Explosive Depressurisation
Gross structural failure of fuselage
cabin atmosphere becomes same as air outside in less than half a second.
94
Rapid Depressurisation
Hole in fuselage structure (normally door, window or cargo hatch)
cabin atmosphere to become same as air outside within seconds.
95
Gradual Depressurisation
Fault in the pressurisation system
small cracks in the fuselage/windows
faulty door seals resulting in gradual loss of cabin pressure over a longer time.
Fuselage remains intact but air escapes slowly.
96
General Effects Inside Aircraft of Depressurisation
Sudden boiling of liquids
Loud noise as air escapes
Thin, cold, dry air
Fog in cabin (not to be confused with smoke) Dust and objects blown about
Smoke detector(s) in lavatories may activate
Aural and visual warning indicators will be present in the flight deck if the cabin altitude rises to 10 000 ft, alerting the flight crew to fit their oxygen masks.
97
Physiological Effects on Aircraft Occupants During Depressurisation
* Chilling of body
* Pain in middle ear and sinuses
* Discomfort/pain due to pressure of gasses trapped in body
* Decompression sickness
* Hypoxia.
98
Decompression Sickness
| Symptoms and Treatment
Formation and build-up of nitrogen bubbles in the blood.
```
Symptoms
• Aching/painful joints
• Rash
• Constriction in chest and throat causing breathing difficulty
• Visual impairment
• Mental impairment
• Collapse.
```
```
Treatment
• Immediate oxygen
• Descent
• Immobilisation
• Medical aid on ground.
```
99
Hypoxia
Reduction of oxygen to body cells. Continued oxygen deficiency can result in unconsciousness and death
100
Symptoms of Hypoxia
```
Symptoms
Severity and symptoms of hypoxia will vary between individuals, type of depressurisation and cabin altitude following depressurisation however may include:
• Fatigue
• Lack of concentration
• Headache or nausea
• Blurred/tunnel vision
• Lack of self-criticism/state of euphoria
• Mood change and confusion
• Breathlessness
• Light headedness/dizziness
• Blue tinge to lips and fingers
• Loss of consciousness
• Death.
```
Treatment Immediate oxygen.
101
Oxygen Paradox
person suffering severe hypoxia,
may be a temporary increase in the severity of symptoms for approximately 15-60 seconds. This is known as the 'oxygen paradox'.
Oxygen paradox can occur when re-oxygenation is bought on suddenly by breathing 100% oxygen. The condition is more likely to occur when using flight deck oxygen however this could occur when using the Passenger Service Unit (PSU) drop down oxygen masks in the cabin at high altitude.
102
Symptoms of Oxygen Paradox
Symptoms
Severity and symptoms of oxygen paradox will vary between individuals however may include:
• Muscle spasms, convulsions or unconsciousness lasting from
several seconds to one minute
• Decreased vision
• Mental confusion
• Dizziness
• Nausea.
Symptoms will generally disappear following a short period once the effects of hypoxia and sudden introduction of 100% oxygen have passed and oxygen/carbon dioxide balance returns to normal.
Treatment
If symptoms occur, keep administering oxygen, complete recovery will follow.
103
Time of Useful Consciousness
```
40 000 FT 15-20
35 000 FT 30 - 1
30 000 FT 1 - 2
28 000 FT 2 - 3
25 000 FT 3 - 5
22 000 FT 5 - 10
```
104
Emergency Descent PA
"This is the captain, emergency descent."
105
CC immediate Actions after Emergency Descent PA
Oxygen mask
Don Nearest Oxygen mask
secure strap
Secure carts
If in Cabin activate brakes, wedge cart across aisle. Do not move cart to galley
Instruct passengers
Remain Secured
106
Indication of Hidden Fires
Aircraft Components
Circuit breakers
Hot Spots
Fumes
Visual Sighting of smoke
107
Principles of Firefighting
• IMMEDIATELY locate the source of fire, smoke or fumes
•AGGRESSIVELY attack and extinguish the fire using all available
resources
• COMMUNICATE
108
Role of Primary Fire fighter
The first crew member to observe smoke/fire:
1. Alert other crew if alone.
2. Aggressively identify location/source, of the fire or smoke.
3. Remove any source of electrical power supply where applicable.
Pull circuit breakers on affected equipment if safe to do so. Do
not reset any circuit breaker unless instructed to by flight crew.
4. Collect appropriate firefighting equipment.
5. Quickly evaluate whether there is time to don a PBE. In some cases it may be more important to attack the fire quickly. If PBE is necessary then do not delay in donning. Do not enter a confined area or begin to fight a fire producing heavy smoke without first donning a PBE.
6. If flames are visible, immediately and aggressively attack and extinguish the fire.
7. If flames are not visible, find the source of the smoke and extinguish.
8. When non-electrical fires are out, immediately dampen area to cool the fuel source.
109
Role of Communication
| Fire
The second crew member shall:
1.
Immediately inform flight crew by interphone. State your name and position. Relay factual and detailed information to the flight crew about the location, source of smoke and/or size of fire, whether the fire is under control, spreading, or extinguished, density and, colour of smoke or flames, severity, odour, crew actions and reaction of passengers. Don’t mention FIRE if flames are not visible to any of the firefighting team.
CAUTION: Do not open the flight deck door. This is for security reasons and to prevent smoke and fumes from entering the flight deck. If the situation is so severe that the crash axe is required then the Captain should allow cabin crew to access it provided the area in the front galley is not smoke filled.
Note the time Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) is donned, monitor the condition of the wearer and alert them when the PBE is close to depletion.
Make Fire PA to alert other crew if required:
• Fire team not formed
• Fire not under control
• Cabin Manager (CM) not aware
• Communications with the flight deck not established
• Additional assistance is required.
"Cabin crew assistance to the [affected area], cabin crew assistance to the [affected area]." - make this PA even if the CM is already part of the firefighting team. Crew responding to this PA should collect firefighting equipment and bring it to the affected area.
110
Role of Assistant Firefighter
A third crew member on the scene (where available):
• Support the primary firefighter
• Collect and standby with additional equipment
• Assist with access to the fire by removing any obstructions and moving passengers
• Monitor condition of primary firefighter and take over as required
• Don PBE if primary firefighter doesn’t have a PBE on and take over as primary if required
• Assist with flow of information between primary firefighter and the communicator
• Perform or delegate additional crew member duties.
111
Fumes
Fumes refer to any vapour, odour or gas which is in the air and may come from any area within the aircraft including the cargo hold, cabin, galleys or toilets. It may be quite strong and could cause irritation. Fumes could be caused by a dangerous good or the source may not be known or visible to cabin crew members.
112
Sources of Fumes
```
Fumes that originate from inside the cabin may be from passenger's carry-on baggage or come from a fault within the aircraft. The most common sources of fumes within the cabin are associated with:
• Nail polish or nail polish remover
• Strong perfume or cologne
• Electronic-cigarette vapours
• Food products (e.g. durian fruit)
• Galley ovens
• Electrical faults.
```
113
Fumes from outside the cabin could come from sources such as:
Fumes from outside the cabin could come from sources such as:
• Fumes on the ground drawn in through the engines
• Engine oil or fumes
• Auxiliary power unit (APU) oil fumes.
114
Symptoms of Fumes on Aircraft Occupants
* Nausea
* Diarrhoea
* Shortness of breath
* Irritation of eyes, nose and upper airways
* Light-headedness.
115
CC Immediate Actions of Physical Effects on Aircraft Occupants
(FUMES)
Adopt firefighting Positions
116
Symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome
Symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome include:
• Positive feelings by the hostage towards the captor
• Negative feelings by the hostage toward family and authorities trying to rescue them
• Support for the captor's reasons and behaviours
• Supportive behaviour by the hostage, at times helping the captor.
117
Least Bomb Location
| LRBL
2R Door
118
Ditching PA
"Attention, attention, this is a ditching."
119
Brace PA
"This is the captain, brace - brace"
CC commence brace commands: "Heads down, stay down"
120
ALERT PA - LAND ONLY
"This is the captain, cabin crew to your stations."
121
ALERT CANCEL PA - LAND ONLY
"Cabin crew stand down, cabin crew stand down."
122
EVACUATE PA - LAND ONLY
"This is the captain, evacuate - evacuate."
123
EVACUATION UNLIKELY PA - LAND ONLY
"Cabin crew and passengers remain seated."
124
EMERGENCY DESCENT PA
"This is the Captain, Emergency Descent"
125
FIRE PA
"Cabin crew assistance to the [affected area] , cabin crew assistance to the [affected area] ."
126
Passenger Brace Position
PRIMARY
In passenger seats:
• Place feet together flat on floor, with legs bent slightly to rear behind
the knee joint
• Lean forward as far as possible
• Cross wrists, hold on to top of seat in front and rest head on arms.
Alternate
In passenger seats, assume alternate brace position if:
• Cannot reach seat in front
• Seated in first row at bulkhead
• Unable to assume primary brace position.
Instructions:
• Place feet together flat on floor, with legs bent slightly to rear behind
knee joint
• Lean forward as far as possible
• Wrap arms around knees
• Head down in lap.
Passengers with Nursed Infant
Passengers with infants shall:
• Secure infant seat belt around infant
• Hold infant securely
• Lean forward over infant as far as possible, keeping adult head down, with heads not touching.
127
What is a PREPARED emergency landing?
Sufficient time available to carry out a cabin preparation when passenger and crew safety are considered to be at risk because of the emergency landing.
128
Emergency Ladings: Unprepared
Little or no time to carry out a cabin preparation when passenger and crew safety are considered to be at risk because of the emergency landing.
129
Uneventful Landing
prepared or unprepared emergency landing where no actual danger or threat to the safety of passengers or crew exists after the aircraft lands.
130
Forced Landing Altitudes
When an aircraft makes a forced landing, the attitude in which it comes to rest is largely controlled by landing gear available and nature of the terrain. The final attitude will depend on which landing gear is extended or remains intact.
The following diagram shows the various attitudes to anticipate.
131
Slide Descent Technique
Jump and sit.
Keep toes pointed back toward the body.
Position hands on knees or grip clothing at knees.
Lean forward.
Keep feet shoulder width apart.
Maintain technique while sliding down.
Prepare to place your feet on the floor at the bottom and stand up.
To avoid injury to the spinal column, do not land in the seated position.
Move away from base of slide or slide/raft.
132
Land - Evacuation Commands
initial:
EVACUATE EVACUATE (ONCE)
HIGH HEELS OFF
LEAVE EVERYTHING BEHIND (repeat til exist usable)
Commands at useable exit:
COME THIS WAY, GET OUT
Commands at UNUSABLE exits
NO EXIT/EXIT BLOCKED
GO FORWRD/BACK.ACROSS
133
Ditching - Commands
Initial:
“Evacuate, Evacuate”
(once only)
“Fit life jacket” “High heels off” “Leave everything behind” (repeat until exit usable)
Commands at usable exit:
“Come this way, get out” “Inflate life jacket” (Repeat)
Commands at unusable exits:
“No exit/exit blocked” (initial command) “Go forward/back/across”
134
Ditching with Life Rafts - Commands
initial:
“Stay seated, stay seated” “Fit life jacket” “High heels off” “Leave everything behind” (repeat until exit is usable)
Usuable Exit:
“Evacuate, Evacuate”
(once only)
“Come this way, get out” “Inflate life jacket” (Repeat)
Unusable exit:
“No exit/exit blocked” (initial command)
“Go forward/back/across”
135
Principles of Survival
```
PROTECTION
LOCATION
WATER
FOOD
MORALE
```
136
Consideration of Survival
• Stay as close to the crash/ditching site as possible. This is where the search will commence
• Exercises are necessary to prevent painful stiffness and maintain body warmth. Exercises should be slow, frequent and not exhausting
• Protect body from cold and damp environments
• Make effective use of supplies and equipment
• Carry out first aid treatment
• Separate people showing signs of hostility or aggression
• Prevent boredom and depression. Keep yourself, other crew and
passengers occupied. Allocate a task, however simple, to everyone.
137
Survival at Sea with Life Jackets Only
Dangers Due to Cooling in Water
Hypothermia is the greatest danger facing a survivor in water.
An average person in a life jacket cools 35% faster when swimming compared to remaining motionless.
Do not discard clothing while in water; it does not decrease buoyancy significantly and added layers of clothing decrease the rate of body cooling.
Consumption of alcohol increases cooling rate.
138
Survival at Sea with Life Jackets Only
Posture for Reducing Heat Loss
The Heat Escape Lessening Posture (HELP) ensures passengers retain body heat by remaining motionless with head out of water.
Inner sides of arms are held tight to sides of chest and thighs are raised to close off groin region. This posture gives an increase in predicted survival time of nearly 50%.
139
∆ Search and Rescue
Rescue Order
An Able-Bodied Person (ABP) should be first to be removed from the raft or crash site so rescuers can determine the best method to retrieve other passengers.
If a rescuer is dropped into the raft location or crash site, they may amend this rescue order, follow their instructions.
ABP to provide information on age, condition and limitations imposed on passengers in the raft.
Children and injured should leave the raft before other passengers.
The raft commander is to remain in raft until all passengers have been rescued.
140
Steps of using Rescue Sling
1. If a rescue sling is used to hoist survivors into aircraft, allow it to contact the raft or water before grasping to reduce static electricity.
2. Grasp hoisting cable with one hand and hold strap with the other. Place strap over back of head and under arms.
3. Secure it in front of chest. Do not sit in sling.
4. Always keep yoke of sling and hoist cable to the front.
5. To indicate ready to be hoisted, outstretch arm and give thumbs up.
When being hoisted keep arms by side until you are in the aircraft. DO NOT put your arms up while being lifted as you may fall out of the sling.
6. When at aircraft door, follow directions of rescuer. Do as instructed.
141
Master Call Light Panel
PINK
BLUE
AMBER
PINK
CREW TO CREW
BLUE
PASSENGER TO CREW
AMBER
LAVATORY TO CABIN
142
Emergency:
| CC to FD
Triple 2
222
143
Flight crew to Cabin
1 high/low chime in cabin
144
Cabin to Flight Deck
1 Hi Chime in Flight Deck
145
Cabin to Cabin Call
2 Hi/lo Chime in cabin
146
Cabin Ready Signal
interphone : 2 2
| 2 hi chimes in flight deck
147
passenger to cabin crew
1 Hi chime
148
Lavatory to Cabin Crew
1 Hi Chime in cabin
149
Sterile Flight Deck for Departure
Last cabin door closed to Fasten Seatbelt sign off
150
Sterile Flight Deck
| ARRIVAL
Prepare for Landing PA to Fasten Seatbelt sign off
151
Sterile Flight Deck
| 'Essential Contact Only' Period during Departure
Last cabin door closed to power is applied for take off
Gear up to Fasten seat belt sign off
152
Sterile Flight Deck
Essential contact only during ARRIVAL
Prepare for landing PA to Gear Down
Slowed to taxi Speed to FSB sign off
153
STERILE FLIGHT DECK
| No contact Stage during Departure
Power is applied for take-off to Gear up
154
Sterile Flight Deck
| NO CONTACT - ARRIVAL
Gear Down to Slow to taxi speed
155
Pre-open Check of Door
Sign off, slide disarmed, outside clear
156
Is door armed or disarmed in a ditching?
DISARMED prior to commencing emergency operation on water
157
Is Door armed of disarmed on Land Evacuation
Armed prior to commencing emergency operation on land
158
Duration of Lights on slide
Duration
| Lights remain illuminated for 15-20 minutes.
159
When will slide inflate?
• Slide will automatically inflate within five seconds when door is opened in armed mode
NOTE
• When slide is deployed, a red manual inflation handle marked 'PULL' will be visible
• If slide does not inflate, pull manual inflation handle. The cable will not detach from the slide.
160
TRUE or FALSE:
| If slide does not inflate after automatic and manual attempts, do not use. Redirect passengers to another exit.
TRUE
161
If aircraft is in a Nose down attitude how do you evacuate using overwing exit?
If aircraft is in a:
| • Nose down attitude: Evacuate off leading (Front) edge
162
If aircraft is in a Normal Attitude how do you evacuate using overwind Exit?
Normal attitude: Flaps will be extended, sit on rear (BACK) of wing and slide to ground
163
how do you evacuate using overwind exit during a ditching?
Ditching: Evacuate and deploy rafts off leading edge. Trailing edge flaps could sustain heavy damage or detach on impact.
164
Where is overwind straps located in overwing exit?
Location
B737-700: Located at top forward corner of each overwing exit frame.
B737-800: Located at top forward corner of rear overwing exit frames.
165
Location of Life Rat Attachment Point on Overwind Exits?
Location
B737-700: Located at bottom corner of each exit
frame
B737-800: Located at bottom corner of each rear-most exit frame.
166
Can both flight deck sliding windows be opened from inside?
yes both can open from inside,
FO window can be opened from outside too
167
Where is the escape strap located in Flight Deck?
above each window allows lowering oneself to
| ground.
168
how to open Flight Deck Window from inside
Squeeze trigger and rotate handle inwards and rearwards.
Slide window rearwards until it locks
169
Flight Deck Emergency Access Panel:
Red
Amber
Green
* Six button keypad for entering a numeric access code
* Red: Door locked
* Amber: Correct emergency access code entered
* Green: Door unlocked.
170
How long will Flight Door Unlock for?
Door will unlock 30 seconds after the code has been entered. Door will remain unlocked for 5 seconds.
171
Where is Emergency Light switch panel located?
Flight Deck and rear cabin crew panel
172
A smoke detector is mounted in each lavatory ceiling.
| When activated...
* Red LED alarm indicator on smoke detector illuminates
* Smoke detector alarm sounds in lavatory
* Once smoke clears, indicator light extinguishes, horn stops, and smoke detector is sensitive to smoke again.
173
Features of Type 1 Lavatory Smoke Detector
1. Interrupt switch (recessed).
2. Power indicator light (green).
3. Alarm indicator light (red).
4. Self-test switch (INOP).
174
Features of Type 2 Lavatory Smoke Detector
1. Self test switch (INOP).
2. Status Indicator Lights:
• Solid Green - normal operation
• Solid Red - smoke present
• Flashing (Green/Red) - fault.
3. Horn Cancel Switch (recessed)
• Push and immediately release; the horn cancellation continues until the detector has not sensed smoke for 30 seconds. It will then reset.
NOTE: The horn cancel switch does not affect the status indicator lights.
175
Preflight check of Lavatory Smoke Detector
Preflight Check
Perform for each lavatory:
• Check detector for signs of tampering or foreign objects
• Visually check green light is illuminated.
NOTE: To check the green light, crew members shall stand directly underneath the detector.
176
Operation of Lav Smoke Detector
1. If alarm activated, nearest cabin crew shall investigate immediately and implement fire drill.
2. Press alarm interrupt switch/horn cancel switch to silence alarm.
3. Cabin Manager (CM) will advise captain as to circumstances
surrounding activation.
177
Consideration of smoke detector
Considerations
Alarm will reactivate if smoke is still present.
Aerosols are not to be used in lavatories. This includes spray deodorants, perfumes, dry shampoo and hairspray. Using such sprays may cause smoke alarms to activate.
178
Location of Oxygen Mask in Cabin
Location of Masks
2 masks in each lavatory ceiling.
4 masks total in forward entry area ceiling: 2 LHS above cabin crew jump seat and 2 RHS forward galley.
4 masks total in rear entry area: 2 LHS and 2 RHS above cabin crew jump seat.
4 masks in each PSU in the cabin.
179
What altitude will mask automatically drop at?
Masks automatically drop from the PSU at a preset cabin altitude of
approximately 14 000 ft.
180
operation of Mask in Cabin
1. Masks automatically drop from the PSU at a preset cabin altitude of
approximately 14 000 ft.
2. Manual deployment can be performed from flight deck if required.
3. Pulling oxygen mask downward causes 100% oxygen flow to all
masks in that PSU.
4. Green flow indicator is visible in transparent oxygen tubing whenever oxygen is flowing.
5. At cabin crew jump seats and lavatories, there is a 'PULL' tag. Pulling the tag brings the mask into reach and starts oxygen flow.
6. Fit mask over nose and mouth, secure with elastic strap and continue to breathe normally until advised otherwise by flight crew.
181
Duration of Mask in Cabin
Duration
| Once activated, oxygen flows for approximately 12 minutes.
182
Considerations of Oxygen mask in cabin
Considerations
• Once activated oxygen flow cannot be switched off
• There may be a burning smell when the masks drop due to heat produced by the oxygen generator and dust in PSU
• Passengers and crew may not feel oxygen flow through the mask and should check the green flow indicator as the primary check
• If a row of seats is empty or none of the masks have been pulled down, the chemical generator will not have been activated, therefore there is a source of oxygen available if required at a later time
• If PSU door does not open automatically use an oxygen release tool or a thin pointed object to gain access
• Masks that are deployed from PSU in a depressurisation are different in appearance and texture as masks used in the Safety Demonstration. The cabin emergency oxygen mask has a softer, more malleable texture
• Does not protect against smoke inhalation.
183
Flow Duration of Oxygen Bottle on HI
HI: 4 L per minute
DURATION FROM 1800 PSI TO 50 PSI
63 minutes
DURATION FROM 1500 PSI TO 50 PSI
51 minutes
184
Flow Duration of Oxygen Bottle in LOW
FLOW
2 L per minute
DURATION FROM 1800 PSI TO 50 PSI
126 minutes
DURATION FROM 1500 PSI TO 50 PSI
102 minutes
