B9-Respiration

Question 1

One reason why energy is needed.

Answer 1

-Build up large moelcules from smaller ones to make new cell material . By enzymes
-Break down larger moelcules into smaller ones
(amino acids chemically joined to mk porteins )/

Question 2

Second reason why energy is meeded .

Answer 2

-In animals , energy from respration is transferred to make muscles contract .

Question 3

Third reason why energy is needed ?

Answer 3

• Mammals and birds maintain constant internal body temperatures regardless of surroudning temperatures .
• Cold days , energy transferred from respriation keeps you warm ,, Hot days energy transferred to surroudnigns to keep you cool .

Question 4

Fourth reason hwy energy is needed .

Answer 4

• Respiartion needed in plants to mineral ions like nitrates form soil into root hiar cells ..
• Also conver suagrs anitraed ainto amino acids , build up to make proteins .

Question 5

The enrgy we need is supplied by a process called ? .

Answer 5

Cellular respiration .

Question 6

What type of reaction is repsiration ?

Answer 6

Respiraiton is an exothermic reaction , as it releases neergy .
-Respiration continually takes palcei n all living cells .

Question 7

There are two different types of respiration , what are they ?

Answer 7

Aeroibic and Anearobic respiration .

Question 8

What happens in aerobic respiartion ?

Answer 8

The sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas .

This produces cabrondioxide and water and releases energy .

Question 9

KEY FACT about aerobic respiration ?

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration releases a great deal of energy .

-That is because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised .

Question 10

Give the word and smbol equation of aeroibc respiration .

Answer 10

Check sheet,

Question 11

What happens if there is not enough oxygen ?

Answer 11

Cells carry out anaerobic respiration .

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration in muscles .

Answer 12

• Muscles need great deal of energy for contraction ..
• under certain conditions , the amount of oxygen is limite d .
• when there is a shortage of oxygen , muscle cells respire anaerobically .

Question 13

Anaerobic respiration in muscles (2).

Answer 13

• During anaerobic respiration in muscles , glucose is converted into lactic acid ,
• Anaerobic respiration does not require any oxygen .

Question 14

Key fact abotu anaerobic repsiration ?

Answer 14

• Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy han aerobic respiration .
• That is because in anaerobic respiration , the oxidaiton of glucose is incomplete .

Question 15

Give word equation for anaerobic repiration in muscles .

Answer 15

Check sheet .

Question 16

What happens in anaerobic respiraiton in plant and yeast cells ?

Answer 16

-In this reaction , glucose is converted into ethnaol and carbondioxid . No oxygen is needed for this reaction .

Question 17

Yeast anaerobic respiration .

Answer 17

The reaction is really useful . Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called FERMENTATION .
-We use this reaction to make alcholic drinks like beer .

Question 18

What is the alchohol in these drnks .

Answer 18

Ethanol that is produced by fermentation .

Question 19

Another reason why reaction is useful .

Answer 19

Yeast is used to make bread .

• Co2 produced by ferementation is useful
• As it creates bubbles in the dough , allowing it to rise .

Question 20

When we are relaxing …

Answer 20

We don’t need a great deal of energy as we aren’t moving .

Question 21

First stage of what happens during exercise ?

Answer 21

• During exercise , the body needs a great deal of energy for msucle contractin .
• The body has to react to the increased deamnd for energy .

Question 22

Second stage of what happens during exercise ?

Answer 22

• As the body needs more energy durign exercise , aerobic respiration increases .
• Meaning body cells require more energy .

Question 23

Third stage of what happens during exercise ?

Answer 23

• To rpovide this oxygen , both the breathning rate and the breathing colume increases (more frequent and deeper brething )
• This gets mroe oxygen into the blood stream ,

Question 24

Fourth stage of what happens during exercise ?

Answer 24

-The heart rate also increases to pump the oxygenated blood around the body .
Glycogen stored in muscles cconverted back into flucose ot supply cells with fuels for increased cellualr respiration .
PRObLEM ;Soemtiimes not enough oxgen supplied to the muscle especially if we are exderciising hard .

Question 25

What happens if while during exercise | there is not enough oxygen ? Stage one

Answer 25

- At this point , anaerobic repsiration now takes pclce in the muscles . * As during anaerobic respiration oxidation of glucose is incomplete leading to lactic acid . - During long period of activity , lactic acid causes the muscles o become ftigued .

Question 26

what happens if build of lactic acid part two

Answer 26

This causes the muscles to stop contracting efficently .

Question 27

What happens if build up of lacic acid ? Stage trhee .

Answer 27

At this point , the body has to remove the lactic acid form the msucles Creating a condition called OXYGEN DEBT .

Question 28

How is lactic acid removed out of the muscled .

Answer 28

By the blood . | -The lactic acid is then taken out to the liver and converted back to glucose in a serious of chemical reactions .

Question 29

what does removing lctic acid need.

Answer 29

Reacting which the accumualted lctic acid and removing it from the cels requires oxygen . Thee oxygen debt , si the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid . -Which is why people continue to breahhe rapidly for sometime after finishing exercise .

Question 30

What is metabolism ?

Answer 30

Metabolism is the sum of allchemical reactio s in the body . - Glucose is an important chemical in metabolism - Glucose is also a strartin poin tin many new chemical s.

Question 31

Examples of metabolic reactions in plants .

Answer 31

-Gluose converted into starch for storage . Glucose conevrted itno cellulose to stengthen plant cell wall . -Glucose + Nitrate ions turned inrto amino acids dto syntheisise protiens .

Question 32

Metaolic reactions in humans ?

Answer 32

-Glucose is converted into gkycogen , glycogen is a storage form of glucose . 1 glycerol molevule nd 3 fatty acid molecules form a LIPID molecule , which is found in the cell membraine .

Question 33

Final metabloic reaction in humans .

Answer 33

Proetins - humans don;t need to eat a alrge amount of Protein . - Excess proteins are broekn down into the chemical urea . - Urea are then exreeted by the kidneys .

Question 34

Metabolic reaactions that the liver does .

Answer 34

-Detoxifying posionous substances such as ethanol from alcholic drinks . -Passing the breakdown of products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys . -Breaking down old , worn out lood cells and stroing the iron until it needs to synthesis more blood cells . lactic acid tranpsorted into liver converted back into glucose and the glucose then is completelybroekn down in aerobic respiration to form co2 and water -If it is not needed glucose stored in the liver as glycogen until it is needed.