B9 Revision

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The process of maintaining a constant body temperature.

Question 2

Three layers of skin

Answer 2

Epidermis, Dermis, Fatty Tissue

Question 3

Parts of the Epidermis

Answer 3

Skin Cells and fine Hairs

Question 4

Where does hair grow out of?

Answer 4

Hair follicles

Question 5

What is the pouch inside a hair follicle?

Answer 5

Sebaceous gland

Question 6

What is the function of the Sebaceous gland?

Answer 6

To produce oil

Question 7

What joins the hair follicle to the skin?

Answer 7

Hair erector muscle

Question 8

What happens when you are cold?

Answer 8

The hair erector muscle contracts, pulling the hair upright which allows for air to be caught between the hair which creates a layer of warmth around your skin.

Question 9

What happens when you are hot?

Answer 9

The hair erector muscles relax, causing the hairs to lie flat, so no air gets trapped and no warmth.

Question 10

What do the sweat glands look like?

Answer 10

Like a messy ball of string

Question 11

What happens to the sweat glands when you are hot?

Answer 11

They release sweat onto the surface of the skin via a sweat pore, the sweat then takes heat away from the body as it evaporates.

Question 12

What do the arterioles do?

Answer 12

Provide blood to the structure of the Dermis.

Question 13

What happens to the arterioles when the body is hot?

Answer 13

They become wider, is a process called vasodilation. Allowing for blood to flow closer to the surface of the skin and radiate out heat.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the pressure receptors?

Answer 14

To detect when you touch something

Question 15

What changes the activity of one or more specific target organs, is carried by the blood, produced by glands, and is a chemical substance?

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

What system that coordinates the body’s response to changes in the environment using hormones

Answer 16

endocrine system

Question 17

What are groups of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream where they travel to target organs.

Answer 17

endocrine glands

Question 18

What hormone do the Testes produce and what does it do?

Answer 18

Testosterone, controls puberty and sperm production.

Question 19

What hormone do the Ovaries produce and what does it do?

Answer 19

Estrogen, controls puberty and a main hormone in controlling the menstrual cycle

Question 20

What hormone do the adrenal glands produce and what does it do?

Answer 20

Adrenaline, triggers the flight or fight response when there is danger.

Question 21

What hormone doe the Pancreas produce?

Answer 21

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 22

What does Insulin do?

Answer 22

Acts to decrease blood glucose levels

Question 23

What does glucagon do?

Answer 23

Acts to increase blood glucose levels

Question 24

What is a negative effect of a too high blood glucose level?

Answer 24

Can have negative impact on osmosis

Question 25

What is a negative effect of a too little blood glucose level?

Answer 25

Can't produce enough energy

Question 26

What organ can detect if the blood glucose concentration is too high or too little?

Answer 26

The pancreas

Question 27

What is released by the pancreas if the concentration of blood glucose is too high?

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What is released by the pancreas if the concentration of blood glucose is too low?

Answer 28

Glucagon

Question 29

What detects the presence of insulin?

Answer 29

Liver and muscle tissues

Question 30

What do the liver and muscle tissues do when they detect insulin?

Answer 30

They convert excess glucose into glycogen.

Question 31

What detects the presence of Glucagon?

Answer 31

The liver

Question 32

What does the liver do when it detects glucagon?

Answer 32

It converts stores of glycogen into glucose to be released into the bloodstream.

Question 33

What is a form of glucose that is insoluble and can be stored for later use?

Answer 33

Glycogen

Question 34

What structure of the eye refracts light?

Answer 34

Cornea

Question 35

What structure of the eye controls how much light enters the pupil?

Answer 35

Iris

Question 36

What structure of the eye focuses light onto the retina?

Answer 36

Lens

Question 37

What structure of the eye contains the light receptors?

Answer 37

Retina

Question 38

What structure of the eye carries impulses between the eye and the brain?

Answer 38

Optic nerve

Question 39

What is it called when the size of the pupil changes in response to bright or dim light?

Answer 39

The pupil reflex

Question 40

How does the eye react to dim light?

Answer 40

Radial muscles of iris contract, circular muscles of iris relax, so the pupil is dilated and more light enters.

Question 41

How does the eye react to bright light?

Answer 41

Radial muscles of iris relax, circular muscles of iris contract, so the pupil is contracted and less light enters

Question 42

What is the ability of the lens to change its shape called?

Answer 42

Accommodation

Question 43

When an object is near the ciliary muscles _____ and the suspensory ligaments become ______

Answer 43

Contract, Slackened

Question 44

When an object is far the ciliary muscles _____ and the suspensory ligaments become ______

Answer 44

Relax, Stretched

Question 45

What detects stimuli?

Answer 45

Receptors

Question 46

What receives and processes information from receptors around the body?

Answer 46

The coordination center

Question 47

What are examples of the coordination center?

Answer 47

Brain, spinal cord, and pancreas.

Question 48

What brings about responses, restoring optimum levels like core body temperatures and blood glucose levels?

Answer 48

Effectors

Question 49

Muscles and glands are a type of what, which can bring about muscle contraction or hormone release?

Answer 49

Effector

Question 50

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 50

Neurones

Question 51

What is the function of the Neurons?

Answer 51

Carry electrical signals from one place to another

Question 52

What is a bundle of neurons called?

Answer 52

A nerve

Question 53

What are the three main types of neuron?

Answer 53

Sensory, motor, relay.

Question 54

What is the path of the reflex arc?

Answer 54

Stimulus → receptor → coordinator → effector → response

Question 55

What neuron detects a stimuli?

Answer 55

Sensory Neuron

Question 56

What neuron receives electrical impulses from sensory neurons and sends them to motor neurons?

Answer 56

Relay Neuron

Question 57

What sends electrical impulses to an effector?

Answer 57

Motor Neuron

Question 58

What are the parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 58

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 59

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 59

Anything other than brain and spinal cord.