BA 317 MIDTERM

Question 1

OB

Answer 1

study of the influence that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations.

Question 2

The chief goal of OB

Answer 2

apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
The important factors for this long-term managerial success are gaining an understanding of human behavior and developing increased communication skills.

Question 3

Psychology

Answer 3

individual (micro) focus, in the areas of learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs, motivation, job satisfaction, decision-making, performance appraisals, attitude measurements, employee selection, work design, and job stress.

Question 4

Social Psychology

Answer 4

individual and group (macro) focus, in the areas of change, measuring and changing attitudes, communications patterns, building trust, group behavior, power, and conflict.

Question 5

Sociology

Answer 5

group and organizational (macro) focus, in the areas of group behavior, organizational culture, organizational theory and structure, communications, power, and conflict.

Question 6

Anthropology

Answer 6

group and organizational (macro) focus, in the areas of values, attitudes, behaviors between organizations and countries. Anthropology also studies organizational culture and environment.

Question 7

Demographics mostly reflect _________ and can lead employees to perceive one another through stereotypes and assumptions.

Answer 7

surface level diversity, not thoughts and feelings

Question 8

Diversity does present many opportunities for organizations,

Answer 8

effective diversity management also means working to eliminate unfair discrimination.

Question 9

Discrimination can occur in many ways, and its effects can be just as varied

Answer 9

depending on the organizational context and the personal biases of its members.

Question 10

Job satisfaction

Answer 10

is how an employee feels about his/or her job.

Question 11

Organizational commitment

Answer 11

similar to job involvement, but it shows how strongly the employee identifies with the organization rather than with just the job. These three are the traditional attitudes studied by OB.

Question 12

Job involvement

Answer 12

closely related to psychological empowerment, and describes how much a person “buys into” their job based on the job’s worth to that person and how much control the employee has over the job itself.

Question 13

One way to classify emotions is

Answer 13

whether they are positive or negative.

Question 14

Affect

Answer 14

: the generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. It’s an umbrella concept that encompasses both emotions and moods.

Question 15

Emotion

Answer 15

the intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.

Question 16

Emotions are _____ fleeting than moods.

Answer 16

more

Question 17

Emotions tend to be clearly revealed through

Answer 17

facial expressions and are often action-oriented.

Question 18

You show your emotions when you’re

Answer 18

“happy about something, angry at someone, afraid of something.”

Question 19

Moods

Answer 19

the feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus.

Question 20

Longer lasting than emotions

Answer 20

moods are not usually directed at a person or event.

Question 21

Moods are more cognitive

Answer 21

meaning they cause us to think or brood about a subject for a while.

Question 22

Moods usually aren’t directed towards

Answer 22

people or an event.

Question 23

Personality and values are major shapers of behavior. In order for managers to predict behavior,

Answer 23

they must know the personalities of those who work for them.

Question 24

Most common are the _____ surveys, where individuals evaluate themselves on a series of factors to determine the personality.

Answer 24

self-reports

Question 25

A second type is _______ surveys, In these surveys, a neutral party assesses the individual’s personality. These observer-ratings surveys tend to be more accurate as they do not lend themselves to falsehoods, impression management activities, or changes due to the emotional state of the observed individual.

Answer 25

observer-ratings

Question 26

Perception

Answer 26

process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The factors for influencing perception.

Question 27

Perceiver

Answer 27

When you look at a target and attempt to interpret what you see, your interpretation is heavily influenced by your personal characteristics.

Question 28

Characteristics that affect perception include your

Answer 28

attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations.

Question 29

Target

Answer 29

the object being perceived.

Question 30

Characteristics of the target _____ affect how it is perceived.

Answer 30

will

Question 31

Things that are _________ are far more likely to be noticed.

Answer 31

bright, beautiful, loud, or unusual

Question 32

The relationship of the target to its background

Answer 32

influences perception as does the human trait of grouping similar things together.

Question 33

Situation

Answer 33

the context in which the perception is made.

Question 34

The context _______ can influence the extent of perception of a target.

Answer 34

time, location, light, heat, the appropriateness of attire

Question 35

Motivation

Answer 35

the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal, specifically for OB, toward attaining an organizational goal.

Question 36

Intensity

Answer 36

how much effort a person puts forth to meet a goal.

Question 37

Direction

Answer 37

efforts are channeled toward organizational goals.

Question 38

Persistence

Answer 38

how long a person maintains effort toward a goal.