BACILLUS

Question 1

Large, ‘boxcar’ shaped, ± spores

Answer 1

Bacillus, Clostridium

Question 2

Small, pleiomorphic, angular arrangements

Answer 2

Corynebacterium
Cutibacterium
Lactobacillus
Listeria

Question 3

Beading, filamentous

Answer 3

Nocardia, Actinomyces

Question 4

Spore-forming, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria and isolated from the soil

Answer 4

BACILLUS

Question 5

BACILLUS SPECIES

Answer 5

o Bacillus anthracis
o Bacillus cereus
o Bacillus thuringiensis o Bacillus mycoides

Question 6

large, boxcar-shaped, gram-positive
rods with clear, unstained, central spores or
“empty spaces”

Answer 6

Bacillus on microscopy

Question 7

Motile with peritrichous flagella except for

Answer 7

Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus mycoides

Question 8

Species only form endospores aerobically
Survive in extreme environment

Answer 8

Bacillus

Question 9

(+) catalase
ferments glucose
hydrolyzes starch

Answer 9

Biochemical Test of Bacillus

Question 10

D-glutamic acid capsule and
protein exotoxins

Answer 10

VF of Bacillus

Question 11

Thiamine B

Answer 11

Growth Factor of B anthracis

Question 12

Gram-positive, large,
encapsulated and square-ended rod; has “bamboo fishing rods” appearance on the unstained central spore

Answer 12

Microscopy of Bacillus anthracis

Question 13

colonies have “Medusa head” appearance with swirling projections; are non- haemolytic; and “beaten egg white” appearance when inoculating loop is used.

Answer 13

Bacillus anthracis on BAP

Question 14

Malignant pustule, sputum and blood

Answer 14

Specimen for B. a

Question 15

isolated from normally sterile site such as blood, lung tissue and CSF.

Answer 15

B. anthracis

Question 16

o Used of old culture in Gram staining:
Gram variable
o Spore stains: Malachite green and
McFadyean stain
o Capsule stain: India ink (blood and
CSF)
o Fluorescent microscopy: rapid
presumptive diagnosis

Answer 16

Staining

Question 17

Used of old culture in Gram stainin

Answer 17

Gram variable

Question 18

Spore stains

Answer 18

Malachite green and
McFadyean stain

Question 19

Capsule stain

Answer 19

India ink (blood and
CSF)

Question 20

rapid
presumptive diagnosis

Answer 20

Fluorescent microscopy

Question 21

: BAP, CAP, egg yolk
agar (EYA), Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA),
Polymyxin-lysozyme-EDTA-thallous
acetate (PLET), bicarbonate agar, and
nutrient broth

Answer 21

Culture media used in Bacillus anthracis

Question 22

application of heat or alcohol shock
technique before plating on media

Answer 22

Enrichment and Selective technique

Question 23

recommended for identification of
B. anthracis in fecal specimen

Answer 23

PEA

Question 24

used in isolating
Bacillus from contaminated specimen

Answer 24

PEA and PLET

Question 25

determine B. anthracis has produced lecithinase

Answer 25

EYA

Question 26

inverted pine tree appearance.

Answer 26

Gelatine Medium

Question 27

Disease primarily affects: goats and sheep, by feeding on plants that are contaminated with the spores.

Answer 27

Anthrax

Question 28

inhalation of spores during exposure to infected animals and contaminated animal products, or cuts through skin

Answer 28

MOA for anthrax

Question 29

: cause signs and symptoms

Answer 29

Exotoxins

Question 30

o spores are inoculated into a lesion on the intestinal mucosa following their ingestion.

Answer 30

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Question 31

o inhalation of spores into the pulmonary parenchyma o resembles URTI with mild fever, dyspnea o this is usually acquired when getting sheep’s fur.

Answer 31

Pulmonary anthrax/Woolsorter’s disease

Question 32

o Acquired thru skin cuts and abrasions o Small papule 2-5 days after exposure o Appearance: “black eschar”, black, necrotic and painless central area that does not produce pus.

Answer 32

Cutaneous anthrax

Question 33

o Detects thermostable anthrax antigens o (+): formation of precipitin band after less than 15 minutes

Answer 33

Ascoli Test (Precipitin test)

Question 34

Bacillus (catalase +); Clostridium (catalase -)

Answer 34

Catalase Test

Question 35

Variable (anthrax)

Answer 35

Oxidase Test

Question 36

(+) cell wall polysaccharide and capsule antigen.

Answer 36

DFA Test (Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test)

Question 37

Causes food poisoning due to the ingestion of contaminated cooked rice dishes or other food products

Answer 37

BACILLUS CEREUS (“FRIED RICE” BACILLUS)

Question 38

* Commonly encountered Bacillus in opportunistic infections that causes eye and ear infection. * Exhibits motility and resistant to penicillin

Answer 38

BACILLUS CEREUS (“FRIED RICE” BACILLUS)

Question 39

uspected food (>105cells/gram)

Answer 39

Best specimen for testing for Bacillus cereus

Question 40

Enterotoxins (heat-stable and heat-labile), cerelysin, phospholipase C and pyogenic toxin

Answer 40

VF of B. cereus

Question 41

Ferments salicin; (+) lecithinase

Answer 41

Biochemical test of B. cereus

Question 42

large and feathery; spreading growth; have a frosted-glass appearance and bhaemolytic

Answer 42

B. cereus on BAP

Question 43

o Heat labile enterotoxin o Ingestion of contaminated meat, poultry and vegetables. IP: 8 to 16 hrs

Answer 43

Diarrheal type

Question 44

o Heat stable enterotoxins o Ingestion of improperly cooked rice

Answer 44

Emetic Type

Question 45

o Most commonly encountered laboratory contaminant o Halophilic organisms, up to 7% NaCl o Source of Bacitracin antibiotics o Cause: Eye infection among prohibited drug users o BAP: large, flat, and dull with groundglass appearance; maybe b-haemolytic and exhibit pigment (pink, yellow, orange or brown) o Biochemical test: Ferment mannitol, xylose and arabinose

Answer 45

Bacillus subtilis (Hay Bacillus)

Question 46

o biological indicator: sterilization method o BAP: large and moist; blister-like appearance and b-haemolytic

Answer 46

Bacillus pumilus

Question 47

o insect pathogens o produces parasporal crystals that can be utilized as pesticide

Answer 47

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 48

* Grow aerobically or anaerobically * Not part of normal flora and not highly contagious * Non-motile, halophilic organism can withstand up to 7% NaCl * Used as biological weapon of mass destruction * Grows in low pH (<6.0) environment, produce lecithinase and ferments glucose

Answer 48

Bacillus anthracis