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Question 0

Splenius Insertion

Answer 0

Splenius Capitis: 1) Mastoid process of temporal bone
2) Lateral third of superior nuchal line
Splenius Cervicis: Tubercles of transverse process C1-C3 or C4

Question 1

Splenius Origin

Answer 1

1) Nuchal Ligament

2) Spinous process C7-T3 or T4

Question 2

Splenius Innervation

Answer 2

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 3

Splenius Action

Answer 3

Alone: Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of acting muscles
Together: Extend head and neck

Question 4

Illicostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Origin

Answer 4

1) Posterior surface of sacrum
2) Sacro-iliac ligaments
3) Posterior part of iliac crest
4) Supraspinous ligament
5) Sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process

Question 5

Iliacostalis Insertion

Answer 5

(Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

1) Lower ribs
2) Cervicle transverse processes

Question 6

Longissimus Insertion

Answer 6

(Thoracis, cervisis, capitis)

1) Ribs between tubercles
2) Angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions
3) Mastoid Process

Question 7

Spinalis Insertion

Answer 7

(Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

1) Spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium

Question 8

Semispinalis (Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Origin

Answer 8

1) Transverse processes C4-T10

Question 9

Semispinalis Insertion

Answer 9

1) Occipital bone

2) Spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments

Question 10

Semispinalis Innervation

Answer 10

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 11

Semispinalis Action

Answer 11

1) Extends head, thoracic, and cervical regions

2) Rotates these contralaterally

Question 12

Multifidus Origin

Answer 12

1) Posterior surface of sacrum
2) Sacro-iliac ligaments
3) PSIS
4) Aponeurosis of erector spinae
5) Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
6) Transverse processes T1-T3
7) Articular processes C4-C7

Question 13

Multifidus Insertion

Answer 13

(Thickest in lumbar region)

1) Entire length of of spinous processes of vertebrae, located 2-4 segments superior to origin

Question 14

Multifidus Innervation

Answer 14

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 15

Multifidus Action

Answer 15

1) Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements

2) Unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side

Question 16

Rotatores (brevis and longus) Origin

Answer 16

1) Transverse processes of vertebrae - best developed in thoracic region

Question 17

Rotatores Insertion

Answer 17

1) Attach to junction of lamina

2) Transverse or spinous process of vertebrae immediately (brevis) or 2 segments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin

Question 18

Rotatores Innervation

Answer 18

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 19

Rotatores Action

Answer 19

1) May function as organs of proprioception
2) Possibly stabilize vertebrae
3) Assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column

Question 20

Obliquus capitis superior Origin

Answer 20

1) Transverse process of C1

Question 21

Obliquus Capitis Superior Insertion

Answer 21

1) Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Question 22

Obliquus Capitis Superior Innervation

Answer 22

Posterior Rami of C1 (Suboccipital nerve)

Question 23

Obliquus Capitis Superior Action

Answer 23

Postural muscle act on head directly

Question 24

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin

Answer 24

1) Spinous process of C2

Question 25

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Insertion

Answer 25

1) Transverse process of C1

Question 26

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Innervation

Answer 26

Posterior Rami of C1 (Suboccipital nerve)

Question 27

Obliquus capitis inferior action

Answer 27

1) postural muscle act on head indirectly

Question 28

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin

Answer 28

1) Spinous process of C2

Question 29

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Insertion

Answer 29

1) Lateral part of the inferior nuchal line

Question 30

Rectus Capitis Inferior Innervation

Answer 30

Posterior Rami of C1 (Suboccipital Nerve)

Question 31

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action

Answer 31

Postural Muscle act on head directly

Question 32

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin

Answer 32

1) Posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of C1

Question 33

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Insertion

Answer 33

1) Medial third of inferior nuchal line

Question 34

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Innervation

Answer 34

Posterior Rami of C1 (Suboccipital Nerve)

Question 35

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action

Answer 35

1) Postural muscle act on head directly

Question 36

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

Answer 36

1) Lateral surface of mastoid process | 2) Lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 37

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

Answer 37

Sternal Head: 1) Anterior surface of manubrium | Clavicular Head: 1) Superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Question 38

Sternocleidomastoid Innervation

Answer 38

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN 11), C2, C3

Question 39

Sternocleidomastoid Action

Answer 39

Unilaterally contraction: Ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation Biaterally: 1) Extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints 2) Flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium 3) Extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level