Back and Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards
(27 cards)
1
Q
Splenius capitis
A
O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T6 I: Mastoid process, lateral one- third of superior nuchal line N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves Bilateral: extend head/neck Unilateral: ipsilateral head rotation and lateral flexion of the neck
2
Q
Splenius cervicis
A
O: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T6 I: Transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral: extend neck Unilateral: ipsilateral head rotation and lateral flexion of the neck
3
Q
Iliocostalis
(Erector Spinae
Group)
A
O: Common tendon from iliac crest, sacrum and lumbar vertebrae (also from the thoracolumbar fascia that surrounds them) I: Angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral: extend back Unilateral: laterally flex vertebral column
4
Q
Longissimus
(Erector Spinae
Group)
A
O: Common tendon from iliac crest, sacrum and lumbar vertebrae (also from the thoracolumbar fascia that surrounds them) I: Ribs, transverse processes of thoracic/cervical vertebrae, mastoid process N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral: extend back (and head – longissimus only) Unilateral: laterally flex vertebral column
5
Q
Spinalis
(Erector Spinae
Group)
A
O: Common tendon from iliac crest and sacrum, spinous processes I: Spinous processes of sacrum / lumbar vertebrae to those of higher vertebrae (usually thoracic, sometimes in cervical -region) N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral: extend back Unilateral: laterally flex vertebral column
6
Q
Semispinalis
(Transversospinalis
Group)
A
O: Transverse processes of lower cervical and most thoracic vertebrae I: Spinous processes of vertebrae 4-6 levels superior. Superior nuchal line of occipital bone (S. capitis only) N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral; assists extension of vertebral column Unilateral ; assists with contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion Stabilizes vertebral column
7
Q
Multifidus
(Transversospinalis
Group)
A
O: Common tendon of erector spinae from iliac crest and sacrum / transverse processes I: Spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 levels superior N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral; assists extension of vertebral column Unilateral ; assists with contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion Stabilizes vertebral column
8
Q
Rotatores
(Transversospinalis
Group)
A
O: Transverse processes (mostly thoracic) I: Spinous processes of vertebrae 1-2 levels superior N: Posterior rami of spinal nerves A: Bilateral; assists extension of vertebral column Unilateral ; assists with contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion Stabilizes vertebral column
9
Q
Rectus capitis
posterior major
A
O: Spinous process of C2 I: Lateral inferior nuchal line N: Suboccipital n (Posterior ramus of C1) A: Mostly postural but assist in extending (RCPMa, RCPMi, OCS) and rotating (OCI) the head
10
Q
Rectus capitis
posterior minor
A
O: Posterior tubercle of C1 I: Medial inferior nuchal line N: Suboccipital n (Posterior ramus of C1) A: Mostly postural but assist in extending (RCPMa, RCPMi, OCS) and rotating (OCI) the head
11
Q
Obliquus capitis
superior
A
O: Transverse process of C1 I: Above lateral inferior nuchal line N: Above lateral inferior nuchal line A: Mostly postural but assist in extending (RCPMa, RCPMi, OCS) and rotating (OCI) the head
12
Q
Obliquus capitis
inferior
A
O: Spinous process of C2 I: Transverse process of C1 N: Suboccipital n (Posterior ramus of C1) A: Mostly postural but assist in extending (RCPMa, RCPMi, OCS) and rotating (OCI) the head
13
Q
Trapezius
A
O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 I: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula N: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula A: Elevate, retract, depress scapula; glenoid-up rotation of scapula
14
Q
Latissimus dorsi
A
O: Lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus N: Thoracodorsal nerve A: Adduct, medially rotate, extend arm
15
Q
Levator scapulae
A
O: Upper cervical transverse processes I: Upper cervical transverse processes N: Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical anterior rami (C3-4) A: Elevate scapula; glenoid-down rotation of scapula
16
Q
Rhomboid major
A
O: Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae I: Medial border of scapula inferior to level of spine N: Dorsal scapular nerve A: Retract, glenoid-down rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
17
Q
Rhomboid minor
A
O: Nuchal ligament and Spinous processes of C7-T1 I: Medial border of scapula near spine N: Dorsal scapular nerve A: Retract, glenoid-down rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
18
Q
Pectoralis major
A
O: Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: sternum, superior costal cartilages i: (Lateral lip of) Intertubercular sulcus of humerus N: Lateral pectoral nerve (clavicular head) and Medial pectoral nerve (sternocostal head) A: Adduct & medially rotate arm; Clavicular head also flexes
19
Q
Pectoralis minor
A
O: Ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid process of scapula N: Medial pectoral nerve A: Stabilize scapula
20
Q
Serratus anterior
A
O: Ribs 1-8 I: Inferior angle and medial border of scapula (anterior surface) N: Long thoracic nerve A: Primary glenoid-up rotator of scapula; Anchors scapula to thoracic wall by protracting & depressing scapula
21
Q
Subclavius
A
O: Rib 1 I: Subclavian groove on inferior clavicle N: Nerve to subclavius A: Depress clavicle
22
Q
Deltoid
A
O: Spine of scapula, acromion, lateral third of clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus N: Axillary nerve A: Extension and lateral rotation (spinal part), flexion and medial rotation (clavicular part), or abduction of arm (acromial part)
23
Q
Teres major
A
O: Posterior surface of inferior angle I: (Medial lip of) Intertubercular sulcus of humerus N: Lower subscapular nerve A: Adduction & Medial rotation of arm
24
Q
Supraspinatus (rotator
cuff muscle)
A
O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus N: Suprascapular nerve A: Initiates abduction of arm up to 15⁰; Stabilize glenohumeral joint
25
Infraspinatus (rotator
| cuff muscle)
```
O: Infraspinous fossa of
scapula
I: Greater tubercle of
humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
A: Laterally rotate arm;
Stabilize glenohumeral
joint
```
26
Teres minor (rotator cuff muscle)
O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
N: Axillary nerve
A: Laterally rotate arm; Stabilize glenohumeral joint
27
Subscapularis (rotator
| cuff muscle)
```
O: Subscapular fossa of
scapula
I: Radial tuberosity,
bicipital aponeurosis
N: Upper, lower
subscapular nerves
A: Medially rotate and
adduct arm; Stabilize
glenohumeral joint
```
