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Back Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

thoracolumbar fascia explain

A
  • deep fascia
  • thin in thoracic
  • thick in lumbar
  • strengthen lumbar area and surround intrinsic back muscles
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2
Q

trapezius innervation

A

spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

sensory: ventral rami of C3 and C4

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3
Q

levator scapulae action

A
  • elevation of scapula
  • rotates inferiorly
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4
Q

action of erector spinae muscles

A
  • bilateral: extension of spine
  • unilateral: lateral flexion of spine to same side of contracting muscle
  • Contracts during flexion of spine to control movement against gravity
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5
Q

Where are the intermediate back muscles found and what are they called?

A
  • they are located on entire length of spine
  • erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
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6
Q

semispinalis insertion

A

-occipital bone, in the medial part of area between superior and nuchal lines

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

-thoracodorsal nerve

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8
Q

latissimus dorsi actions

A
  • adduction of arm at shoulder
  • extension of arm at shoulder
  • medial rotation of arm
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9
Q

Where are the superficial intrinsic back muscles found and what are they?

A

only found in cervical and upper thoracic regions

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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10
Q

trapezius insertion

A
  • lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula
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11
Q

semispinalis capitis origin

A

-transverse processes of C4-T12

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12
Q

describe the occipital region (where antomically located/surrounded/near what structures)

A
  • deep to trapezius
  • roof is the semispinalis muscle
  • floor is the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and the posterior arch of the atlas
  • contains the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
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13
Q

action of splenius capitis

A

bilateral contraction- extension of head and neck

unilateral contraction- lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle

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14
Q

splenius cervicis origin

A

-spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae

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15
Q

What are and what is purpose of intrinsic back muscles. What is the subdivision of the intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • extend from pelvis to skull
  • act to maintain posture and control movements of vertebral column
  • subdived into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers
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16
Q

splenius capitis innervation

A

dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

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17
Q

rhomboid major and minor action

A
  • retract scapula
  • inferiorly rotate
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18
Q

innervation of erector spinae muscles

A

innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

-lower 4 ribs (ribs 9-12)

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20
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve and where is it located?

A
  • dorsal ramus of C2 spinal nerve
  • curves around inferior border of obliquus capitis inferior-> ascends over suboccipital triangle->pierces semispinalis capitis and trapezius to reach scalp (it does not pierce splenius capitis)
  • divides into branches that supply skin of posterior part of scalp (run with branches of occipital artery)
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21
Q

origin of erector spinae muscles(iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis)

A

all 3 columns originate from a broad tendon that attaches to:

  • iliac crest
  • sacrum
  • sacroiliac ligaments
  • inferior lumbar spinous processes
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22
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

-floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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23
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

-transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)

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24
Q

rhomboid minor insertion

A

-medial border of scapula at level of root of spine

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25
rhomboid major and minor innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
26
trapezius actions
elevation scapula retraction scapula (superiorly) rotates scapula and depresses ERRAttach Sounds
27
What is the nerve innervation of intrinsic back muscles?
innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves
28
action of suboccpital triangle muscles
- mostly postural, acting directly or indirectly on head - extension of head on C1 - rotation of head with C1 on C2 - also more proprioceptive in nature
29
serratus posterior superior origin
- ligamentum nuchae - C7 to T2/T3 spinous processes
30
action of semispinalis
- extension of head, thoracic, and cervical regions of vertebral column - rotates these regions contralaterally
31
what are the minor intrinsic back muscles?
- levatores costarum muscles - interspinous muscles - intertransverse muscles
32
serratus posterior inferior origin
-spinous processes of T11 to spinous processes of L2-L3
33
thoracolumbar fascia attachments (posterior layer, intermediate layer, anterior layer)
- posterior: attach to the spinous processes - intermediate: attach to transverse processes - anterior: forms quadratus lumborum (muscle of posterior abdominal wall) the fascia attaches to the the transverse processes
34
trapezius origin
superior nuchal line external occipital protuberance ligamentum nuchae spinous processes C7-T12
35
action of splenius cervicis
bilateral contraction- extension of head and neck unilateral contraction- lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle (same as splenius capitis)
36
rhomboid minor origin
- (inferior portion) of ligamentum nuchae - spinous processes C7 and T1
37
serratus posterior inferior innervation
ventral rami of T9-T12 spinal nerves
38
what nerve innervates the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?
innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1 spinal nerve)
39
serratus posterior inferior action
depresses ribs 8-12
40
where are the deep intrinsic back muscles found and what are they?
- run entire length of spine - called the transversospinalis muscle group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores) - group of muscles that generally run superomedially from transverse processes of inferior vertebrae to spinous processes of superior vertebrae
41
what muscles are contained within the suboccipital triangle?
- rectus capitis posterior major - rectus capitis posterior minor - superior oblique (obliquus capitis superior) inferior oblique (obliquus capitis inferior)
42
serratus posterior superior innervation
-ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves
43
splenius cervicis innervation
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (same as splenius capitis)
44
splenius capitis insertion
- superior nuchal line - mastoid process
45
serratus posterior superior insertion
-ribs 2-5
46
rhomboid major origin
-spinous processes T2-T5
47
describe orientation of semispinalis muscles (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
capitis- more vertically oriented, run from transverse processes of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae to the occipital bone cervicis- deep to semispinalis capitis to cervical spinous processes thoracis- to thoracic spinous processes
48
splenius capitis origin
- lower part of ligamentum nuchae - spinous processes of C7-T3
49
semispinalis innervation
innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves
50
serratus posterior superior action
elevate ribs 2-5
51
innervation of transversospinalis muscles?
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
52
describe multfidus (orientation, where found)?
- present along entire length of spine - best developed in lumbar region
53
levator scapulae innervation
- ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves - dorsal scapular nerve (branch of brachial plexus)
54
latissimus dorsi origin
- spinous processes T7-T12 - inferior 3 or 4 ribs - Lumbar, sacral vertebrae, and iliac crest via thoracolumbar fascia
55
name the deep transversospinalis muscles from superficial to deep
superfical: semispinalis (s for superficial) intermediate: multifidus (m for middle) deep: rotatores (row deep) group of muscles that generally run superomedially from transverse processes of inferior vertebrae to spinous processes of superior vertebrae ie _transvers-o-spinalis_
56
action of transversopinalis muscles
- bilateral contraction: extension of spine - unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of spine to same side of contracting muscle AND rotation of spine to opposite side of contracting muscle - shorter muscles main function to stabilize the spine
57
rhomboid major insertion
-medial border of scapula (root of spine to inferior angle)
58
levator scapulae insertion
-medial border of scapula (from superior angle to root of spine)
59
describe rotatores (where run and where found predominantly)?
- shortest and deepest of transversospinalis muscles - best developed in thoracic region
60
61
splenius cervicis insertion
-transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
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Anatomy (12 decks)

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