Back Muscles Flashcards
(45 cards)
1
Q
How many vertebrae do we have?
A
-33 total
- 7 cervical (C1-C7)
- 12 thoracic (T1-T12)
- 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
- 5 Sacrum (S1-S5) fused
- 4 Coccyx (Co1-Co4) fused
2
Q
Trapezius attachments?
A
- Proximal:
- medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes of C7-T12 - Distal:
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
3
Q
Trapezius innervation?
A
spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)
4
Q
Trapezius function?
A
- superior fibers (descending part): elevate scapula
- central fibers (middle part): retract scapula
- inferior fibers (descending part): depress and rotate scapula
5
Q
Latissimus Dorsi attachments?
A
- proximal:
- iliac crest
- spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
- inferior 3 or 4 ribs
- thoracolumbar fascia - distal:
- intertubercular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
6
Q
Latissimus Dorsi innervation?
A
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
7
Q
Latissimus Dorsi function?
A
- arm extension (pulls down)
- arm adduction
- medial rotation of arm
8
Q
Rhomboid Major attachments?
A
- proximal:
- spinous processes T2-T5 vertebrae - distal:
- medial border of scapula below spine
9
Q
Rhomboids innervation?
A
Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4, C5)
10
Q
Rhomboid Minor attachments?
A
- proximal:
- spinous processes C7 and T1
- nuchal ligament - distal:
- medial border of scapula at or above the spine
11
Q
Rhomboids function?
A
- retract scapula
- rotates scapula
- depress glenoid cavity
12
Q
Levator scapulae attachments?
A
- proximal:
- transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae - distal:
- superior angle of scapula or medial border
13
Q
Levator scapulae innervation?
A
Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4)
14
Q
Levator scapulae function?
A
- elevate scapula
- rotate scapula
- depress glenoid cavity inferiorly
15
Q
What are the extrinsic back muscles?
A
- superficial:
1. trapezius
2. lat dorsi
3. rhomboids
4. levator scapulae - intermediate:
1. serratus posterior superior
2. serratus posterior inferior
16
Q
Serratus posterior superior attachments?
A
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T3 - distal:
- ribs 2-5 (superior borders)
17
Q
serratus posterior superior innervation?
A
2nd to 5th intercostal nerves
18
Q
serratus posterior superior function?
A
- elevate ribs during forced inspiration
2. proprioception
19
Q
serratus posterior inferior attachments?
A
- proximal:
- spinous processes T11-L2 - distal:
- ribs 8-12 (inferior border)
20
Q
serratus posterior inferior innervation?
A
- 9th to 11th intercostal nerves
- subcostal nerve (T12)
21
Q
Serratus posterior inferior function?
A
- depress ribs during forced expiration
2. proprioception
22
Q
Splenius Capitis attachments?
A
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T4 - distal:
- mastoid process
- superior nuchal line
23
Q
splenius capitis innervation?
A
-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
24
Q
splenius cervicis attachments?
A
- proximal:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes T3-T6 - distal:
- transverse processes C1-C4
25
splenius cervicis innervation?
-dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
26
splenius capitis and cervicis functions?
1. unilateral:
- laterally flex head and neck
- rotate head and neck
2. bilateral:
- extend head and neck
27
Erector spinae muscles?
1. iliocostalis
2. longissimus
3. spinalis
28
iliocostalis attachments?
1. proximal:
- aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
- sacral and lumbar spinous processes
2. distal:
- angles of ribs
- transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
29
Longissimus attachments?
1. proximal:
- aponeurosis (tendon) tethered to iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments
- sacral and lumbar spinous processes
2. distal:
- ribs
- cervical and thoracic transverse processes
- mastoid process
30
Spinalis attachments?
1. proximal:
- lumbar and thoracic spinous processes
2. distal:
- upper thoracic spinous processes
31
erector spinae innervation?
Dorsal or posterior rami of spinal nerves
32
erector spinae function?
extends vertebral column and head
33
Transversospinalis muscle group?
1. semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis
2. multifidus
3. rotatores
34
Transversospinalis attachments?
- transverse processes
| - spinous processes
35
Transversospinalis functions?
1. postural
| 2. proprioception (rotatores)
36
What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?
- superficial:
1. splenius capitis
2. splenius cervicis
- intermediate: erector spinae
1. spinalis
2. longissimus
3. iliocostalis
- deep: transversopinsalis group
1. semispinalis cap, cerv, thoracis
2. multifidus
3. rotatores
37
Suboccipital triangle muscles?
1. rectus capitis posterior major
2. rectus capitis posterior minor
3. obliques capitis inferior
4. obliques capitis superior
38
Major function of sub occipital triangle muscles?
1. extend head on C1
| 2. rotate head and C1 on C2
39
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major attachments?
Proximal: spinous process of C2
Distal: Lateral inferior Nuchal line
40
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor attachments?
Proximal: Posterior Tubercle of C1
Distal: Medial 1/3 inferior Nuchal line
41
Obliquus Capitis Inferior attachments?
Proximal: spinous process of C2
Distal: Transverse process of C1
42
Obliquus Capitis Superior attachments?
Proximal: transverse process of C1
Distal: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
43
Suboccipital Triangle muscles innervation?
Sub-occipital Nerve (posterior or dorsal rami or C1)
44
Borders of the Triangle of Auscultation?
- lateral border of Trapezius
- superior border of Latissimus Dorsi
- medial border of Scapula
-used to listen to inferior lobe of lung
45
Borders of the Lumbar Triangle?
- posterior border of External Oblique
- lateral border of Latissimus Dorsi
- Iliac Crest
-can get hernias through this triangle
