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Anatomy ICOM > Back Muscles and Ligaments > Flashcards

Back Muscles and Ligaments Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Ligament fxns

A
  1. strengthen joints

2. limit vertebral movement

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2
Q

Anterior and posterior altanto-occipital membrane

A

ligament around occiput and C1

a. around vertebral arches and foramen magnum
b. resists rotation

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3
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

supports atlanto-axial joint

  1. 3 parts
    a. superior longitudinal band
    b. transverse lig of atlas (sling for dens process)
    c. inferior longitudinal band
  2. prevents post. displacement of dens and ant displacement of atlas
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4
Q

alar ligament

A

attaches dens to foramen magnum

1. prevents excessive rotation

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5
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

C1 to sacrum

  1. strong and fibrous
  2. ant aspect of vert bodies and IVD
  3. well dev in lordotic regions
  4. resists (hyper)extension
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6
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

C2 to sacrum

  1. narrow, weaker band
  2. post aspect of vert bodies and IVD
  3. less dev in lumbar
  4. weakly resists hyperflexion, prevents herniation
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7
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  1. adjacent lamina in post vert canal
  2. strongest in thoracolumbar region
  3. weakest in med cervical
  4. limits flexion, prevents separation of laminae
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8
Q

interspinous ligaments

A
  1. between spinous processes
  2. weak and membranous
  3. limits flexion
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9
Q

Supraspinous ligaments

A

C7 to sacrum

  1. tips of spinous processes
  2. merges w/ nuchal ligament
  3. inc. SA for muscle attachment
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10
Q

Nuchal Ligament

A

Skull to C6

  1. tips of spinous processes
  2. merges w/ supraspinous lig.
  3. inc. SA for muscle attachment
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11
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A
  1. connect transverse processes

2. limits lateral flexion

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12
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. latissmus dorsi
  3. levator scapulae
  4. rhomboid major
  5. rhomboid minor
    * Fxn: motor to limbs
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13
Q

Trapezius

A
  1. Fxn: moves shoulder all direction, steadies shoulder, unilateral flexion
  2. Prox: medial 1/2 nuchal line, ext. occip protuberance, C7 - T12 spinous processes
  3. Distal: lat 1/3 clavical, acromion, scapular spine
  4. Innervation: cranial XI (accessory n.), C3 and C4 sensory
  5. supply: transverse cervical artery
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14
Q

Latissmus dorsi

A
  1. Fxn: shoulder (extend, adduct, rotate), pulls body toward arms
  2. Prox: T7-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, inf. scapular angle, ribs 9-12
  3. Distal: floor of intertubercular groove (humerus)
  4. Innervation: Thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)
  5. supply: thoracodorsal a.
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15
Q

Levator scapulae

A
  1. Fxn: elevates scapula, inf rotation, unilat flexes neck
  2. Prox: C1-C4 transverse processes
  3. Distal: superior angle scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5) and C3 and C4
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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16
Q

Rhomboid minor

A
  1. Fxn: retract scapula, inf, rotation, steadies scapula, unilat flexion
  2. Prox: C7-T1 sp. process
  3. Distal: medial border scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5)
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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17
Q

Rhomboid major

A
  1. Fxn: retract scapula, inf, rotation, steadies scapula
  2. Prox: T2-T5 sp. process
  3. Distal: medial border scapula
  4. Innervation: dorsal scapular (C5)
  5. Supply: dorsal scapular a.
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18
Q

Intermediate Muscles

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior
  2. serratus posterior inferior
    * Fxn: proprioception
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19
Q

serratus posterior superior

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Fxn: proprioception
  2. Prox: ligamentum nuchae, C7-T3 sp. processes
  3. Distal: ribs 2-4
  4. innervation: ant. rami T2-T5
  5. supply: imtercostal a.
20
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Fxn: proprioception
  2. Prox: T11-L2 sp. processes
  3. Distal: ribs 8-12
  4. innervation: ant. rami T9-T12
  5. supply: imtercostal a., subcostal, and lumbar a.
21
Q

Deep Back Muscles

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. spinotansversales
  2. erector spinae
  3. Transversospinales
22
Q

Spinotransversales

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. splenius cervicis

2. splenius capitis

23
Q

Splenius cervicis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. bilateral extension head, unilateral flex and rotate neck
  2. Prox: T3-T6 sp. process
  3. Distal: C1-C3 transverse process
  4. innervation: post. rami spinal n.
  5. supply: occipital, transverse cervical, intercostal
24
Q

Splenius capitis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. bilateral extension head, unilateral flex and rotate neck
  2. Prox: C7-T4 sp. process, ligamentum nuchae
  3. Distal: mastoid process, lateral 1/2: sup. nuchal line
  4. innervation: post. rami spinal n.
  5. supply: occipital, transverse cervical
25
Iliocostalis
(lumborum, thoracis, cervicis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion 2. Prox: broad tendon from iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. process, lower thoracic sp. process 3. Distal: angle of lower ribs, cervical transverse process 4. Innervation: segmental post. rami spinal n. 5. supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
26
Erector Spinae
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissmiss 3. Spinalis
27
Longissmiss
(thoracis, cervicis, capitis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension, Unilateral flex spine 2. Prox: broad tendon iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. processes 3. Distal: thoracic and cervical transverse processes, mastoid process 4. Innervation: segmental post rami spinal n 5. Supply: segmentally- intercostal, deep cervical, subcostal, lumbar
28
Spinalis
(Thoracis and cervicis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion spine 2. Prox: broad tendon iliac, sacrum, lumbar sp. process, Lower thoracic sp. process 3. Distal: thoracic and cervical sp. process 4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n. 5. Supply: segmentally- deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
29
Transversospinales
1. Semispinales 2. Multifidus 3. Rotatores
30
Semispinales
(Thoracis, cervicis, capitis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flexion same side, unilateral rotation opp side 2. Prox: C4-C6 articulatory process, T7-T12 transverse processes 3. Distal: occipital, sp. process of superior vertebrae (4-6 segments) 4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n. 5. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
31
Multifidus
1. Fxn: bilateral spine extension, unilateral flexion same side and rotate opp side 2. Prox: sacrum, ilium, mammillary, transverse and articulatory processes 3. Distal: C2 sp. process, sp. processes superior vertebrae (2-4 segments) 4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami sp. n 5. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
32
Suboccipital muscles
1. Obliquus capitis superior 2. Obliquus capitis inferior 3. Rectus capitis posterior major 4. Rectus capitis posterior minor
33
Obliquus capitis inferior
1. Fxn: bitaleral extension head, unilateral rotation same side 2. Prox: C2 sp. process 3. Distal: C1 transverse process 4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1) 5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
34
Deep segmental muscles
1. Interspinales 2. Intertansversarii 3. Elevators costarum
35
Interspinales
(Cervicis, Thoracis, lumborum) 1. fxn: extend spine 2. Prox and distal: sp. processes adjacent vertebrae C1-L5 3. Innervation: post. Rami sp. n. 4. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
36
Intertranservsarii
(Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) 1. Fxn: bilateral stability, unilateral bending same side 2. Prox and distal: transverse processes adjacent vertebrae C2-L5 3. Innervation: post. And ant. Rami spinal n. 4. Supply: segmentally - deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
37
Levatores costarum
(Longus and brevis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension and elevates ribs, unilateral rotation flex same side, rotation 2. Prox: C7-T11 transverse processes 3. Distal: 2 ribs below 4. Innervation: post. Rami sp. n. 5. Supply: deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
38
Rectus capitis posterior minor
1. Fxn: bilateral extend head, unilateral rotate same side 2. Prox: C1 post. Tubercle 3. Distal: medial inferior nuchal line 4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1) 5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
39
Rectus capitis posterior major
1. Fxn: bilateral head extension, unilateral rotation same side 2. Prox: C2 sp. process 3. Distal: lateral inferior nuchal line 4. Innervation: suboccipital (post. Rami. C1) 5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
40
Obliquus capitis superior
1. Fxn: bilateral head extension, unilateral tilts same side and rotates opp side 2. Prox: C1 transverse process 3. Distal: lateral inferior nuchal line 4. Innervation: suboccipital n. (Post. Rami C1) 5. Supply: vertebral and occipital a.
41
Rotatores
(Longus and brevis) 1. Fxn: bilateral extension, unilateral flex same side and rotate opp side 2. Prox: T1-T12 transverse processes 3. Distal: between laminate and sp. process of superior vertebrae (1-2 segments) 4. Innervation: segmental post. Rami spinal n. 5. Supply: segmentally- deep cervical, intercostal, subcostal, lumbar
42
Back sprains
Ligament injury w/o fracture or dislocation
43
Back strains
Tendon/muscle injury w/o fracture or dislocation | 1. Erector Spinae muscles
44
Back spasms
Response to injury or inflammation | 1. Sudden, involuntary contractions
45
Occipital neuralgia
Headache w/ throbbing, electric pain 1. Radiates from upper cervical region -> posterolateral scalp 2. Irritation/compression of nerves

Anatomy ICOM (34 decks)

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