Back muscles and vertebral column Flashcards by Sophie Gibson

Cervical levels and location

C1-C7
Base of skull to first rib

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Thoracic levels and location

T1-T12
First to last rib

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Lumbar levels and location

L1-L5
1st vertebra below last rib down to fused sacrum

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Sacral level and location

S1-S5 Fused vertebrae

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Coccygeal vertebrae level and location

Co3-4
Fused coccyx bone

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Curvature in the spine

C shaped inward curve at T
C shaped outward at C and L

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Spinous process

Can feel point on midline

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Transverse process

In the transverse plane, where muscles and ligaments attach

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Lamina

Between spinous and transverse process

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Pedicle

Between vertebral arch and body
On lateral view creates intervertebral foramen

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Intervertebral foramen

In between adjacent pedicles
Where spinal nerve exits

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Superior articular facet

Point of top of vertebra

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Inferior articular facet

Off bottom of vertebra

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Facet joint

Where superior and inferior articular facet meet

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Function of facet joint

Flex and bend the back

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Pars interarticularis

In between transverse process, sup. inf. articular facet, and pedicle

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Vertebral body

Largest part of the spine, anterior

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Vertebral arch

Section posterior to vertebral body

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Intervertebral disc

Fibrocartilage for shock compression

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Vertebral foramen

Forms the vertebral canal where spinal comes through

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Vertebral canal

Where spinal cord travels through the spine

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Unique features of the cervical spine

Bifid spinous processes
Atlas and Axis vertebra
Uncinate process

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Atlas vertebra

At C1, facets that join occipital bone and holds the skull

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Axis vertebra

Odontoid process (dens) that allows pivoting with atlas

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How to pivot the head

Atlas and axis vertebra

Ucinate process

Hook, superior projection to prevent lateral translation

Bifid spinous process

At C2 to C2, leg like projections

Thoracic features

Costal facets, where ribs connect

Lumbar unique features

Mammillary processes

Superficial back muscles location

Originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula and humerus

Superficial "back" muscles

Migrated to back, actually upper limb so innervated by ventral ramus

Innervation superficial back muscles

Ventral ramus

Superficial back muscles list

Trapezius Rhomboid major and minor Levator scapular Latissimus dorsi

Trapezius muscle location

Trapezius function

Elevation, retraction (adduction), and depression of scapula Upward rotation

Trapezius innervation

Spinal accessory nerve (CN X1)

Unique fiber arrangement of trapezius

Clavicle fibers pull up Middle fibers pull in Lower fibers pull down

Rhomboid major location

Rhomboid minor location

Function of rhomboid major and minor

Retraction (adduction) of scapula

Innervation of rhomboid major and minor

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Levator scapulae muscle location

Function of levator scapulae

Elevation of scapula

Innervation of levator scapulae

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Latissimus dorsi location

Anterior humerus on top

Latissimus dorsi function

Adduction, extension, and medial rotation (shoulder press) of humerus

Innervation of latissimus dorsi muscle

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

Trapezius

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor

Levator scapulae

Latissimus dorsi

Deep back muscles location

Course along vertebral column

Function of deep back muscles

Support and move vertebral column

Innervation of deep back muscles

Dorsal rami

Deep back muscles list

Splenius muscles (capitis and crevicis) Erector spinal (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) Transversospinalis muscles (semi-spinalis, multifidus, rotatores) Suboccipital muscles

Splenius muscles list

Capitis and crevicis

Function of splenius muscles bilateral

Extension of head and neck

Function splenius muscles unilateral

Rotation of head and neck

Erector spinal muscles list

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Function of erector spinal muscles bilateral

Posture, vertebral extension

Iliocostalis muscle

Function of erector spinal muscles unilateral

Lateral vertebral flexion (lean to side)

Longissimus muscle

Spinalis muscle

Transversospinalis muscles list

Semi-spinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Transversospinalis muscles function

Posture

Semi-spinalis muscle

Multifidus muscle

Rotatores muscle

Suboccipital muscles location

Formation of suboccipital muscles

Creates a triangle where the vertebral artery goes through which supplies the posterior region of the brain

Suboccipital muscles

Transversospinalis muscles

Semi-spinalis

Multifidus muscle

Rotatores muscle

Erector spinal muscles

Iliocostalis muscle

Longissimus muscle

Spinalis muscle

Splenius muscles

Capitis muscle

Cervicis muscle

Back muscles and vertebral column Flashcards

(85 cards)