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Gross Anatomy > Back/Neck Muscles > Flashcards

Back/Neck Muscles Flashcards

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0
Q

Trapezius lateral attachment/inserition

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion/spine of scapula

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1
Q

Trapezius medial attachment/origin

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12

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2
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Motor: XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Sensory: C3, C4 spinal nerves

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3
Q

Trapezius actions

A 
Descending (superior): elevates
Ascending (inferior): depresses
Descending and Ascending: superiorly rotate glenoid cavity of scapula
Middle (or all parts): retracts scapula
Weakness causes shoulder droop
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4
Q

Latissimus dorsi medial attachment/origin

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

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5
Q

Latissimus dorsi lateral attachment/insertion

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

C6 C7 C8 (6,7,8 lats are great) [Thoracodorsal nerve]

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7
Q

Latissimus dorsi actions

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates shoulder joint

Raises body toward arms during climbing

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8
Q

Levator scapulae medial attachment/origin

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes (small bumps) of C1-C4

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9
Q

Levator scapulae lateral attachment/insertion

A

Medial border of scapula (superior to root of spine)

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10
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves (C3, C4), Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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11
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevates scapula (w/ superior trap), tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula, can extend (bilaterally) and laterally (unilaterally) flex neck

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12
Q

Rhomboid major/minor medial attachment/origin

A

Major: spinous processes of T2-T5
Minor: spinous processes of C7 (vertebral prominance) - T1, nichal ligament

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13
Q

Rhomboid major/minor lateral attachment/insertion

A

Major: medial border of scapula, from spine to inferior angle
Minor: Medial end of spine of scapula at triangular area

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14
Q

Rhomboid major/minor innervation

A

C4-C5 (dorsal scapular nerve)

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15
Q

Rhomboid major/minor actions

A

Retracts scapula, rotates to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall (w/ serratus) during movements of upper limb

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16
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis origin

A

From nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6

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17
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis insertion

A

Splenius capitis: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Splenius cervicis: tubercles (bumps) of transverse processes of C1-C4

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18
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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19
Q

Splenius capitis/ Splenius cervicis action

A

Act alone to flex neck/rotate head to side of active muscles

Act together to extend head and neck

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20
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) origin

A

Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes

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21
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) insertion

A

Angle of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes

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22
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) innervation

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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23
Q

Iliocostalis (erector spinae) action

A

Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head

Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head

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24
Longissimus (erector spinae) origin
Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes
25
Longissimus (erector spinae) insertion
Ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic/cervical regions, mastoid process of temporal bone
26
Longissimus (erector spinae) innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
27
Longissimus (erector spinae) action
Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head | Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head
28
Spinalis (erector spinae) origin
Posterior iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac/supraspinous ligaments, spinous processes
29
Spinalis (erector spinae) insertion
Runs superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region to cranium
30
Spinalis (erector spinae) innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
31
Spinalis (erector spinae) action
Acts bilaterally to extend vertebral column/head | Acts unilaterally to flex vertebral column/head
32
Semispinalis (transversospinales) origin
Transverse processes of C4-T10
33
Semispinalis (transversospinales) insertion
Superomedially to posterior occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spans 4-6 vertebral segments
34
Semispinalis (transversospinales) innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
35
Semispinalis (transversospinales) actions
Extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column, rotates them contralaterally
36
Multifidus (transversospinales) origin
Posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammillary processes (on articular process) of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes (part of facet) of C4-C7
37
Multifidus (transversospinales) insertion
Pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segments superior to origin
38
Multifidus (transversospinales) innervation
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
39
Multifidus (transversospinales) action
Extends head and thoracic/cervical regions of vertebral column, contralateral rotation
40
Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) origin
Transverse processes of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic region)
41
Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) insertion
Attach to junction of lamina/ transverse processes/spinous processes of vertebra 1 above origin (brevis) or base of spinous process 2 (longus)
42
Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) innveration
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
43
Rotatores (brevis/longus) (transversospinales) action
Function as organs of proprioception, may stabilize vertebrae, assist w/ local extension, and rotatory movements of vertebral column
44
Rectus capitis posterior major origin
Spinous process of axis (C2)
45
Rectus capitis posterior major insertion
Lateral part of inferior nuchal line
46
Rectus capitis posterior major innervation
Suboccipital nerve (C1)
47
Rectus capitis posterior major action
Posture (can extend head bilaterally)
48
Rectus capitis posterior minor origin
Posterior tubercle on posterior arch of C1 (atlas)
49
Rectus capitis posterior minor insertion
Medial third of inferior nuchal line
50
Rectus capitis posterior minor innervation
Suboccipital nerve (C1)
51
Rectus capitis posterior minor action
Posture (can extend head bilaterally)
52
Obliquus capitis inferior origin
Spinous process of C2 (axis)
53
Obliquus capitis inferior insertion
Transverse process of C1 (atlas)
54
Obliquus capitis inferior innervation
Suboccipital nerve (C1)
55
Obliquus capitis inferior action
Posture (can extend head bilaterally)
56
Obliquus capitis superior origin
Transverse process of C1 (atlas)
57
Obliquus capitis superior insertion
Occipital bone between nuchal lines
58
Obliquus capitis superior innervation
Suboccipital nerve (c1)
59
Obliquus capitis superior action
Posture (can extend head bilaterally)
60
Sternocleidomastoid superior attachment (origin)
Sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium of sternum | Clavicular head - superior surface of medial third of clavicle
61
Sternocleidomastoid inferior attachment (insertion)
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line
62
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
Motor: XI (spinal accessory nerve) Sensory: C2 and C3 (great auricular nerve and transverse cervical nerve)
63
Sternocleidomastoid action
Unilaterally: lateral neck flex, rotate face contralaterally and superiorly Bilaterally: Extend neck, flex cervical vertebrae, extend superior cervical vertebrae and flex inferior (chin is thrusted forward with head kept level)
64
Anterior scalene origin
Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes
65
Anterior scalene insertion
Scalene tubercule of first rib
66
Anterior scalene innervation
C4, C5, C6
67
Anterior scalene action
Flex neck laterally, elevate first rib in forces respiration
68
Middle scalene origin
Transverse processes of C3-C7
69
Middle scalene insertion
First rib posterior to groove for subclavian artery
70
Middle scalene innervation
Anterior rami of cervical nerves
71
Middle scalene action
Flex neck laterally, elevate first rib in forces respiration
72
Posterior scalene origin
Posterior tubercules of transverse processes of C4-C6
73
Posterior scalene insertion
Outer surface of second rib
74
Posterior scalene innervation
C7, C8
75
Posterior scalene action
Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib in forces respiration

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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