Background 2 Flashcards
dual-process theory of instrumental action =
the idea that there are 2 action systems:
1. goal-directed system (a top-down, flexible cognitive control system)
2. habituation-based system (a bottom-down, automatic, efficient reflexive system)
wat gebeurt er in behaviour repetition
there is a shift from goal-directed towards habitual behaviour.
hoe zit het met deze 2 actiesystemen in verslaving
drug seeking may be goal-directed behaviour in which craving is important, but it may not always be goal-directed, it can also be habitual.
goal-directed drug seeking behaviour =
drug seeking behavior that is based on an expectation and positive evaluation of the drug. Substance abuse can be explained by goal conflict in this sense: the short-term goal of a drug’s rush or the suppression of withdrawal symptoms can overshadow the long-term goal of health.
habitual drug-seeking=
drug seeking behavior that starts out as goal-directed but becomes increasingly driven by aberrantly strong habits
substantia nigra=
= a structure that is part of the basal ganglia in the brain stem and is especially important for motor control.
2 regions:
1. substantia nigra pars compacta (veel dopamine neurons)
2. substantia nigra pars reticulata (many GABA neurons, important for movemetn)
waar zitten de meeste dopamine neuronen
substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area (VTA)
nigrostratial pathway=
DA neurons in the pars compacta project to the caudate & putamen (= samen striatum)
nigrostriatal pathway is one of the major dopamine pathways in the brain, which is thought to be extremely important in the facilitation of movement
parkinsons disease=
a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease display severe movement-related deficits.
