Background Respiration Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is respiration?
The breakdown or organic respiratory substrates to release some of their chemical energy to make ATP.
What are the respiratory substrates?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
What are obligate anaerobes?
Organisms that only respire anaerobically.
e.g. denitrifying bacteria
What are facultative anaerobes?
Organisms that can respire aerobically and anaerobically based on the environmental conditions.
What is ATP?
Phosphorylated nnucleotide.
ADP + P > ATP
Where does Aerobic respiration occur?
Mainly in the mitochondria but begins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis.
What is the basic equation for Aerobic Respiration?
C6H12O6 + O6 > 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38ATP
Where does Anaerobic Respirstion occur?
Cytoplasm
What is the basic equstion for Anaerobic Respirstion in aninals?
C6H1206 > 2CH3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid) + 2ATP
What is the basic equation for Anaerobic Respiration in plants and yeast?
C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2CO2
Where is plant and yeast anaerobic respiration used?
winemaking
make bread rise
Where is the extra energy in Anaerobic?
Where 2ATP is made instead of 38 ATP
Glucose is only partially categorised. Remaining energy is in the molecules of lactic acid and ethanol.
What is plant and yeast anaerobic Respirstion known as?
Fermentation
What are the 3 Respiration coenzymes?
NAD
FAD
Coenzyme A
What are coenzymes?
Molecules that work alongside an enzyme to enable a chemical reaction occur
What does the enzyme hydrolase do?
Catalyses a hydrolysis reaction (break down reaction with water)
What does the enzyme dehydrogenase do?
Catalyses removal of hydrogen
What does the enzyme isomerase do?
Catalyses convrsion of one isomer to another.
Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures. E.g alpha and beta glucose.
What does the enzyme decarboxylase do?
Catalyses removal of CO2
What does the enzyme ATP enzyme do?
Involved in ATP synthesis to convert ADP + P to ATP
