Bact Final

Question 0

What 3 diseases that we have discussed are caused by Bordetella?

Answer 0

1) Canine Infectious Rhinotracheitis
2) Atrophic Rhinitis
3) Turkey Coryza

Question 1

What are the 5 toxins of Bordetella?

Answer 1

1) Tracheal cytotoxin
2) Dermonecrotic toxin
3) Adenylyl cyclase toxin
4) Pertussis toxin
5) Osteotoxin

Question 2

Which Burkholderia species is motile?

Answer 2

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 3

What 3 diseases that we have discussed are caused by Burkholderia?

Answer 3

1) Glanders
2) Melioidosis
3) Pseudoglanders

Question 4

What 2 factors are necessary for Moraxella virulence?

Answer 4

Moraxella bovis toxin (Mbx) and type 4 pilus (fimbria)

Question 5

What is the most common ocular disease in cattle occurring mostly during summer and early fall?

Answer 5

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis caused by Moraxella bovis

Question 6

What are the exotoxins of Pseudomonas and what are their functions?

Answer 6

Exotoxin A: Inhibits protein synthesis
Exotoxins S and T: Interferes with phagocytosis by affecting actin cytoskeleton
Exotoxin U: Cytotoxic effect
Exotoxin Y: Increases intracellular cAMP levels

Question 7

What are Pseudomona Bacteriocins and Pigments called?

Answer 7

Bacteriocins: pyocins
Pigments: pyocyanins

Question 8

How can Pseudomonas present in the dog or cat?

Answer 8

As Otitis Externa, Lower UTI, or pyoderma.

Question 9

How can Pseudomonas present in each of the following: 
Horses
Bovine
Reptiles 
Sheep

Answer 9

Horses: metritis, keratitis, and conjunctivitis
Bovines: mastitis
Reptiles: necrotic stomatitis, pneumonia, septicemia
Sheep: purulent rhinitis, otitis, Fleece Rot of sheep

Question 10

What is the Pseudomonas granulomatous inflammation of the skin, SQ, and visceral chronic presentation called?

Answer 10

Pseudomonal botryomycosis

Question 11

What is the Bordetella toxin responsible for Atrophic Rhinitis?

Answer 11

Dermonecrotic toxin

Question 12

What dz of equines causes an acute, suppurative, and self-limiting condition? That does not cause abortion but may result in failure to conceive?

Answer 12

Contagious equine metritis caused by Taylorella equigenitalis.

Question 13

What is the most important means by which Fowl Spirochetosis, caused by Borrelia anserina, is transmitted?

Answer 13

Soft tick vectors => Argas persicus

Question 14

What is the most important means by which Lyme Borreliosis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted?

Answer 14

Hard tick vectors => Ixodes scapularis and pacificus

Question 15

Is Lyme Dz reportable?

Answer 15

Not in vet med but for humans it is

Question 16

What is a very important way of controlling Borrelia diseases?

Answer 16

Tick control

Question 17

What is the infective form of Chlamydia?

Are they metabolically active?

Answer 17

Elementary bodies

No, they are inert

Question 18

When elementary bodies invade a cell what are they called?

Are they metabolically active?

Answer 18

Reticulate bodies.

Yes, they will begin multiplication by binary fission.

Question 19

How are Anaplasma marginale transmitted?

Answer 19

By hard ticks: Boophilus, Dermacentor, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus

Question 20

What cells do Anaplasma, obligate intracellular bacteria, like to invade?

Answer 20

RBC, phagocytes, and platelets

Question 21

What cells do Ehrlichia like to invade?

Answer 21

Phagocytic cells

Question 22

What cells do Neorickettsia like to invade?

Answer 22

MO and mononuclear cells

Question 24

Specifically, Anaplasma marginale likes to invade what cell type?

Answer 24

RBCs

Question 25

Specifically, Anaplasma phagocytophilum likes to invade what cell types?

Answer 25

NOs and eosinophils

Question 25

Which cell type is the target for Rickettsia rickettsii?

Answer 25

Endothelial cells

Question 26

Specifically, Anaplasma platys likes to invade what cell type?

Answer 26

Platelets

Question 27

What makes Coxiella burnetti different from other Rickettsiae?

Answer 27

It is able to survive in the environment, has an endospore-like growth phase, and can disseminate via airborne route

Question 28

What tick species transmits Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

Answer 28

Rhipicephalus sanguineus => Brown Dog Tick

Question 29

What tick species transmits Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

Answer 29

Dermacentor variabilis => American Dog Tick

Question 30

What tick species transmits Ehrlichia ewingii, the causative agent of Canine Granulocyte Ehrlichiosis?

Answer 30

Amblyomma americanum => Lone Star Tick

Question 31

What tick species transmits Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of African Heartwater Dz

Answer 31

Amblyomma sp.

Question 32

How does Neorickettsia helminthoeca get inside its host?

Answer 32

It's a bacteria, inside a fluke (Nanophytes salmincola), inside a salmonid fish. Dog eats the fish.

Question 33

What cells do Ehrlichia ruminantium replicate in?

Answer 33

MO, EC, NO =>macrophages, endothelial cells, and neutrophils

Question 34

What cells do Neorickettsia helminthoeca like to infect?

Answer 34

Monocytes, MOs, enterocytes

Question 35

Name the only obligatory helminth-borne pathogenic bacterium?

Answer 35

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

Question 36

Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) risticii, the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever, has affinity for which types of cells?

Answer 36

Blood monocytes, tissue MOs, intestinal epithelial cells

Question 37

Aegyptianellosis is caused by Aegyptianella pullorum. What tick species is its vector?

Answer 37

The Argus species

Question 38

Mollicutes were once grouped with viruses before being classified with the bacteria. Besides being the smallest self-replicating organism, what else is unique about them?

Answer 38

They have no cell wall

Question 39

What are the clinical manifestations for non-hemotrophic mollicutes?

Answer 39

Respiratory tract infections, UTIs, arthritis, mastitis, conjunctivitis, septicemia

Question 40

What is the major clinical sign for hemotrophic mollicutes?

Answer 40

Hemolytic anemia

Question 41

``` Which of the following is the hemotrophic mollicutes? A) Mycoplasma mycoides spp. mycoides B) Mycoplasma synovia C) Mycoplasma haemofelis D) Mycoplasma gallisepticum E) Mycoplasma putrifaciens ```

Answer 41

C) Mycoplasma haemofelis

Question 42

Mycoplasma felis causes conjunctivitis in cats. In what species does it cause a self-limiting pleuritis?

Answer 42

Equines

Question 43

Name the animal species that is very resistant to Leptospira.

Answer 43

Cats

Question 44

What is the hallmark clinical sign of any Leptospira species?

Answer 44

Late term abortion

Question 45

What are the 3 most important Leptospira serovars in horse?

Answer 45

Pomona Grippotyphosa Icterohemorrhagiae

Question 46

What does Leptospira cause in horses?

Answer 46

Equine recurrent uveitis and abortion

Question 47

What are the 2 most important Leptospira serovars in cattle?

Answer 47

Hardjo | Pomona

Question 48

What are the 3 most important Leptospira serovars in dogs?

Answer 48

Canicola Icterohemmoragiae Gryppotyphosa

Question 49

What are the 3 forms of Leptospirosis in dogs?

Answer 49

Acute form Icteric form Uremic form

Question 50

Helicobacter and Campylobacter both contain ____ ____ ____ as a virulence factor.

Answer 50

Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)

Question 52

Besides Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), Helicobacter possesses another important virulence factor. What is it and what is its function?

Answer 52

Urease | It neutralizes gastric acid

Question 53

What 3 species - one for cattle and two for sheep/goat - belonging to the Family Campylobacteriaceae are responsible for the reproductive diseases?

Answer 53

Cattle => Campylobacter fetus spp venerealis | Sheep/goat => C. fetus spp fetus and C. jejuni

Question 54

What 2 species belonging to the Family Campylobacteriaceae are responsible for the enteric diseases?

Answer 54

Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli And both are leading causes of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans!

Question 55

What are 4 possible disease manifestation of Arcobacter genus?

Answer 55

Diarrhea and abortion => livestock Mastitis => cattle Gastroenteritis => humans

Question 56

What are the 3 Arcobacter species of concern in animals and humans?

Answer 56

butzleri cryaerophilus skirrowii

Question 57

Generally, what are the manifestations of Helicobacter infections?

Answer 57

Gastric pathological changes => hyperplasia, reduction of mucus, degeneration of glands, necrosis, inflammation Hepatic pathological changes => inflammatory and necrotizing lesions