BACTERIA

Question 1

What is the purpose of the flagella (flagellum)?

Answer 1

To aid movement of the bacteria.

Question 2

What is a chromosome? And what is the purpose?

Answer 2

A chromosome is a closed loop of DNA which controls the cells processes.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the Cell membrane?

Answer 3

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 4

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 4

Ribosomes are what make the proteins.

Question 5

What does a Cell Wall do?

Answer 5

A Cell Wall gives rigidity and provides support to the bacteria.

Question 6

What is a Cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm is where the cell reactions occur/ take place.

Question 7

Where does Bacteria feeding take place?

Answer 7

Bacteria feed by extra cellular digestion which takes place outside of the cell.

Question 8

What is the FIRST step in Bacteria feeding?

Answer 8

The first step is to: Secrete enzymes onto food.

Question 9

What is the SECOND step to Bacteria feeding?

Answer 9

The second step is: The released enzymes break down (digest) the food into smaller molecules.

Question 10

What is the THIRD step in Bacteria feeding?

Answer 10

The third step is: Nutrients are reabsorbed into the bacteria (bacterium).

Question 11

What are the ideal conditions for Bacteria feeding?

Answer 11

The ideal conditions for feeding and growth are warmth, moisture and plenty of food.

Question 12

What is the process called to release the energy from food?

Answer 12

Respiration.

Question 13

What are Autotrophs?

Answer 13

Bacteria that can make its own food.

Question 14

What are Saprophytes?

Answer 14

Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, and are decomposers.

Question 15

What is the FIRST process of Binary Fission?

Answer 15

The chromosome/ DNA replicates.

Question 16

How does Bacteria reproduce?

Answer 16

Bacteria reproduces by Binary Fission (Cell division - Mitosis - Splitting into two).

Question 17

What is the SECOND process of Binary Fission?

Answer 17

Cell membrane pinches the cytoplasm in half (invaginates).

Question 18

What is the THIRD process of Binary Fission?

Answer 18

Bacterium (Bacteria) divides into two, each with a chromosome.

Question 19

How often can some bacteria reproduce?

Answer 19

Some can reproduce every 15- 20 minutes.

Question 20

What is the doubling of population called?

Answer 20

Exponential Growth.

Question 21

Why can’t exponential growth go on indefinitely?

Answer 21

The food is used up; Bacteria produce wastes or toxins that accumulate and reach a level where they interfere with or poison the bacteria; the bacteria can run out of room; or if anaerobic bacteria run out of oxygen.

Question 22

What do some bacteria form when unfavourable conditions arise?

Answer 22

Spores.

Question 23

What do the bacterial spores do?

Answer 23

They are resistant to low and high temperatures, change in PH levels, desiccation (drying out) and the effect of chemicals.

Question 24

What do bacteria spores do when conditions are favourabls?

Answer 24

They can grow into new bacteria cells.

Question 25

What is Bacteria?

Answer 25

``` Bacteria is a prokaryote. It lacks a cell nucleus DNA/ RNA material is stored in a single loop in the nucleoid. Has no membrane bound organelles Reproduce asexually by binary fission ```

Question 26

What is a slime capsule?

Answer 26

It’s a capsule around the bacteria cell which is made of slime to protect it.

Question 27

When does binary fission happen?

Answer 27

It happens when one bacteria cell reaches its maximum size and when the environment conditions are ideal.

Question 28

What are some HARMFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?

Answer 28

Bad smelling discharge, dead tissue and gas formation within the tissue.

Question 29

What are some HELPFUL ANAEROBIC respiring bacteria?

Answer 29

Yoghurt production, waste processing and production of biogas.

Question 30

What are some HARMFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?

Answer 30

Food rotting (sour milk).

Question 31

What are some HELPFUL AEROBIC respiring bacteria?

Answer 31

Nitrogen fixing bacteria, cheese production and GE insulin production.

Question 32

What is a disease- causing bacterium called?

Answer 32

A Pathogen.

Question 33

What can bacteria excetion lead to in humans?

Answer 33

The toxins released by bacteria can lead to vomiting and diarrohea, or even death in humans.

Question 34

What are the Bacterial Conditions for Growth?

Answer 34

``` Energy (food) Moisture (enough water for metabolism) Warmth Oxygen (for Aerobic bacteria only, oxygen may kill anaerobic bacteria). pH level (slightly better on acidic). ```