Bacteria

Question 1

What is mainly different about bacteria from viruses?

Answer 1

Bacteria are complete life forms with all characteristics of living organisms

Question 2

Where can bacteria be found on earth?

Answer 2

Soil,water and other living organisms in the depth of the ocean

Question 3

What sizes can bacteria vary from?

Answer 3

0.0005mm to 0.005mm

Question 4

What is the function of the cell wall of a bacterium?

Answer 4

It gives a bacterium its shape and protects its cytoplasm from the external environment

The cell wall has pores in it which allow dissolved substances to move in and out of the bacterium cell

Question 5

What can sometimes be found covering the outside of the cell wall

Answer 5

Slime capsule

Question 6

What is the function of the slime capsule found covering the outside of the cell wall?

Answer 6

It protects the bacteria against digestive enzymes and the immune system of the host

Question 7

How is the layer of slime found covering the outside of the cell wall created?

Answer 7

It is secreted by the bacterium through its cell wall

Question 8

Where can the slime capsule be found?

Answer 8

Around parasitic bacteria while they are inside the host

Question 9

Are some bacteria motile?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

How are bacteria able to move ?

Answer 10

They propel themselves through liquids by means of whip-like movements of one or more flagella

Question 11

What is the function of the cell membrane in the bacterium cell?

Answer 11

It enclosed the cytoplasm

It is selectively permiable and therefore regulates the substances that pass into and out of it’s cytoplasm

Question 12

What does the cytoplasm of bacterium cells contain?

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomes inside a bacterium cell?

Answer 13

Manufacture bacterial proteins

Question 14

What lies in the middle of the cytoplasm of bacterium cells?

Answer 14

A singular, circular chromosome made of DNA

Question 15

What is considered to be additional DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria?

Answer 15

Plasmids

Question 16

What is the function of plasmids?

Answer 16

They contain genes that give bacteria resistance against antibiotics

Question 17

Are bacteria prokaryotic?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

What allows for bacteria to rapidly exchange materials with their environment?

Answer 18

Their large surface area relative to their volume

Question 19

Where can a slime capsule be found around bacteria?

Answer 19

Around parasitic bacteria when they are inside the host

Question 20

For optimum growth what do bacteria require?

Answer 20

Moisture, a suitable temperature, a slightly acidic/alkaline environment and in some cases oxygen

Question 21

What variety of nutritional types do bacteria display?

Answer 21

Photosynthesis,saprophytic,parasitic forms

Question 22

Where do most bacteria live?

Answer 22

In or on their food

Question 23

What do bacteria produce and releases which digests their food extracellularly?

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

What are aerobic bacteria?

Answer 24

Bacteria that need oxygen for their respiration

Question 25

How can bacteria reproduce?

Answer 25

Multiplying by dividing in a process called binary fission

Question 26

How does one bacterium pass resistance genes to another?

Answer 26

By giving them a useful plasmid

Question 27

Do some bacteria need oxygen for their respiration?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Can other bacteria be anaerobic or aerobic depending on whether oxygen is available?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What are endospores?

Answer 29

A light but thick walled structure formed within the bacterial cell which contains the bacterium DNA

Question 30

How many groups can we classify bacteria into?

Answer 30

16

Question 31

What do we bases the classifications of bacteria into?

Answer 31

Their shape, ability to move and their metabolism

Question 32

What are the four main types of bacteria?

Answer 32

Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Vibrio