bacteria

Question 1

how many domains and kingdoms do bacteria have

Answer 1

2 each

Question 2

1st domain

Answer 2

domain archaea

Question 3

domain archaea

Answer 3

do NOT have peptidoglycan in cell wall
live in extreme environments
kingdom archaebacteria

Question 4

domain bacteria

Answer 4

HAVE peptidoglycan in cell wall
live in normal environments
kingdom of eubacteria

Question 5

prokaryotic bacteria don’t have

Answer 5

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 6

prokaryotic bacteria do have

Answer 6

cell wall
cytoplasm
cell membrane
ribosomes
capsule
nucleoid
plasmid
pilli
flagella

Question 7

capsule

Answer 7

shell covering the cell wall that helps to protects the cell

Question 8

nucleoid

Answer 8

single-stranded closed loop of dna that is free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 9

plasmid

Answer 9

small loop of dna

Question 10

pilli

Answer 10

short, hair like structures on the surface of the cell that helps to hold onto the host cell

Question 11

flagella

Answer 11

whiplike structure in the surface of that cell and helps aid movement

Question 12

shape

Answer 12

cocci
bacilli
spiralla

Question 13

cocci

Answer 13

spherical shape

Question 14

bacilli

Answer 14

rod shape

Question 15

spiralla

Answer 15

spiral shape

Question 16

patterns

Answer 16

mono(one) diplo(two) staphlo(clump) strepto(chain)

Question 17

gram stain

Answer 17

staining technique used to distinguish differences in bacterial cell walls

Question 18

gram stains help doctors

Answer 18

know which antibiotics to use

Question 19

results of gram stain

Answer 19

gram positive stains purple-has thick layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall
gram negative stains pink-has thin layer of peptidoglycan

Question 20

binary fission

Answer 20

type of asexual reproduction
creates 2 identical cells
some bacteria can do this in 20 mins,producing a ton of bacteria very quickly

Question 21

steps of binary fission

Answer 21

1-copies closed loop of dna(nucleoid)
2-cell grows larger
3-wall forms in the middle wilhich splits the cell in two(each new cell a copy of the nucleoid)

Question 22

conjugation

Answer 22

type of sexual reproduction
2nd cell has different genetic material than first one
NOT IDENTICAL

Question 23

steps of conjugation

Answer 23

1-one bacteria forms a pilus that connects it to another cell
2-first bacterial cell uses the pilus to transfer all or part of its dna

Question 24

metabolism

Answer 24

All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Question 25

Heterotrophic bacteria

Answer 25

must consume live almost everywhere and use organic monocles for food

Question 26

Parasites or saprophytes

Answer 26

feed on dead animals

Question 27

Photosynthetic autotroughs

Answer 27

can make their own food use sunlight to carry out photosynthesis to make food example-cyanobacteria

Question 28

Chemosynthesis

Answer 28

process of breaking down and releasing organic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen

Question 29

chemosynthetic autotrophs

Answer 29

can make their own food use chemicals to carry out chemosynthesis ex-nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 30

endospores

Answer 30

tiny structures that contain cell’s dna and some cytoplasm surrounded by a tough outer coating

Question 31

reasons why endospores are created

Answer 31

so the bacteria does not dry out for extreme temperatures harsh chemicals

Question 32

ex of bacteria that causes endospores

Answer 32

botulism-attacks the bodies facial nerves anthrax

Question 33

only way to kill an endospore

Answer 33

heat it under extreme pressure to achieve high temp (autoclave)

Question 34

helpful bacteria

Answer 34

used in farming medicine and food production

Question 35

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 35

convert nitrogen in the air into usable chemicals for plants

Question 36

decomposers

Answer 36

recycler nutrients

Question 37

photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 37

release oxygen back into the atmosphere

Question 38

bacteria used to make vinegar pickles cheese yogurt saukraut and antibiotics is what kind of bacteria

Answer 38

helpful

Question 39

bacteria in our digestive system is bad bacteria

Answer 39

false

Question 40

harmful bacteria

Answer 40

some cause diseases in plants and animals can enter through nose, mouth, eyes and open wounds

Question 41

examples of harmful bacteria

Answer 41

strep, tuberculosis, tetanus, Lyme, disease, dental cavities, pneumonia, E. coli

Question 42

Who discovered the first antibiotic and what was it

Answer 42

Alexander Fleming Penicillin fungus -killed disease causing bacteria

Question 43

The zone of inhibition

Answer 43

Antibiotics target bacteria circle around bacteria in which bacteria is not living

Question 44

antibiotic resistance

Answer 44

Process by which bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics

Question 45

Can humans become resistant to antibiotics

Answer 45

no we can have allergic reactions to them but we can not be resistant

Question 46

what do penicillins do?

Answer 46

Prevent bacteria from making cell walls

Question 47

what do sulfonamides do?

Answer 47

Inhibit folate synthesis

Question 48

What do fluoroquinolones do?

Answer 48

Inhibit DNA replication

Question 49

What do macrolides do?

Answer 49

Inhibit protein synthesis

Question 50

antibiotic usage

Answer 50

Transplants Dialysis Suppressed immune systems Joint replacement

Question 51

antibiotic overuse

Answer 51

Over prescribing Continuous use in livestock feed Humans 30% Animals 70%

Question 52

antibiotic resistance evolutionary process

Answer 52

1- mutation-random 2-natural selection 3-gene flow 4-genetic drift