Bacteria

Question 1

First observed by?? And when

Answer 1

Anton van leeuwenhoek June 10 1675 in pond water

Question 2

Ernst haeckel placed bacteria in which kingdom

Answer 2

Protista with some other unicellular organisms

Question 3

Who placed bacteria in monera

Answer 3

Rh Whittaker

Question 4

Who introduced term bacteria and what is its greek meaning

Answer 4

Introduced by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1828 and it means little rod or stick in greek

Question 5

Most abundant organisms on earth are??

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

Why so

Answer 6

Because they are ubiquitous

Question 7

On basis of habitas they are classified as??

Answer 7

1.Mesophiles
2.Psyhrophiles
3.Thermophiles
4.Acidophiles
5.Alkalophiles
6.Halophiles
7.Barophiles

Question 8

Define mesophiles

Answer 8

They grow in optimum temperatures and other environment factors
Temperatures range 15 to 45⁰C

Question 9

Examples of mesophiles

Answer 9

Azotobacter, mycobacterium, corynebacterium, rhizobium

Question 10

Define psychorphiles

Answer 10

Grow at temperatures below 20⁰C

Question 11

Example of Psychrophiles

Answer 11

Arthrobacter,Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, polaromonas

Question 12

Bacillus is example of?

Answer 12

Psyhrophiles

Question 13

Where does bacillus grow and temperature??

Answer 13

Can grow in polar pacific and Atlantic oceans where temperature remain below -20⁰C

Question 14

Define thermophiles

Answer 14

Grow at temperature range 45⁰C to more than 100⁰C

Question 15

Thermus aquaticus grow at temperature more than

Answer 15

75⁰C

Question 16

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius grows at temperature??

Answer 16

Above 85⁰C

Question 17

Pyrobolus fumarii growing temperature??

Answer 17

As high as 113⁰C and stops below 90⁰C

Question 18

Other examples of thermophillic bacteria??

Answer 18

Thermococcus, Pyrococuss, Thermotoga, Ferbidobacterium

Question 19

Define acidophiles

Answer 19

Grow at low pH less than 5

Question 20

Examples of acidophiles

Answer 20

Thiobacillus ferroxidans, sulfolobus sp.

Question 21

Define alkalophiles

Answer 21

Grow at high pH above 7

Question 22

Examples of alkalophiles

Answer 22

Bacillus alkalophillus, B. Firmus

Question 23

Define halophiles

Answer 23

Grow in saline conditions and are mostly gram negative, non motile, and non spore producing bacteria

Question 24

Examples of halophiles

Answer 24

Halobacterium salinarum, haloferax, halococcus, haloarcula, natronococcus

Question 25

Define barophiles

Answer 25

Which grow in high pressure of 200 to 600 atm

Question 26

Where do such conditions exist

Answer 26

Depth of 100m

Question 27

Examples of barophiles

Answer 27

Photobacterium, colwelha, purococcus, methonacoccus

Question 28

What is diameter and length of most bacteria (size)

Answer 28

Diameter 0.5 to 2.0 micro meter Length 2 to 10 micro meter

Question 29

Largest bacteria?? And who discovered it??

Answer 29

Thiomargarita namibiensis discovered by team of German scientists led by Heide Schulz

Question 30

Cohn identified how many cell shapes in bacteria and in which year

Answer 30

Only 4 shapes coccus, bacillus, spirillum, vibrio in 1872

Question 31

What are types of coccus bacteria

Answer 31

Monococcus Diplococcus Encapsulated Diplococcus Tetracocci Streptococci Staphylococci Sarcinate

Question 32

Monococcus examples

Answer 32

Micrococcus

Question 33

Diplococcus example

Answer 33

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 34

What is encapsulated diplococci and example

Answer 34

Pneumococcus

Question 35

Tetracoccus define and eg

Answer 35

Bacteria occur in tetrads eg pedicoccus cerevisae

Question 36

Streptococci ??

Answer 36

Linear chains eg streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 37

Staphylococcus??

Answer 37

Irregular clusters like bunches of grapes Examples staphylococcus aureus

Question 38

sarcinae??

Answer 38

Definitely 3 D cuboidal form Examples sarcina ventriculi

Question 39

which is most abundant bacteria type

Answer 39

bacillus

Question 40

how many types

Answer 40

5 coccobacillus,bacillus,diplobacilli, palisades, streptobacilli

Question 41

coccobacillus with eg

Answer 41

ends of cells are convex eg haemophilis influenzae

Question 42

monobacillus??

Answer 42

occur singly eg salmonella typhimurium, e coli, rhizobium

Question 43

diplobacilli eg.

Answer 43

diplobacillus

Question 44

streptobacillus eg.

Answer 44

lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis

Question 45

palisade??

Answer 45

arranged one above the other or as sticks in matchbox eg. cornebacterium diptheriae

Question 46

vibrio??

Answer 46

slightly curved rod shape bacteria eg vibrio cholerae

Question 47

do vibrio have flagella

Answer 47

no

Question 48

comma shaped

Answer 48

curved rod shaped that acquire shape of bacteria eg bdellovibrio

Question 49

do comma shape have flagella

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

trichomes are

Answer 50

filamentous bacteria cylindrical cells one above the other eg beggiatoa, saprospira

Question 51

they are similar to ...... and different in what way

Answer 51

simillar to streptobacilli but have larger area of contact between adjacent cells