Bacteria

Question 1

List the 3 main bacteria that stain Gram + cocci

Answer 1

Staph, Strep, and Enterococcus

Question 2

List the 3 main bacteria that stain Gram + and appear rod in shape (baccili)

Answer 2

Clostridium, Corynebacterium, and Lactobacillus

Question 3

Patient appears with Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever, what would his infectious organism be? Stain? Shape?

Answer 3

Rickettsia, a gram - cocci

Question 4

What would a Neisseria stain and shape look like?

Answer 4

Gram - cocci bacteria

Question 5

Explain Moraxella (organism/stain/shape)

Answer 5

Gram - cocci bacteria

Question 6

How does penicillin act against a bacteria

Answer 6

inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan (hence main cell wall component)

Question 7

What does the peptidoglycan do for bacteria?

Answer 7

a key component in the cell wall preventing lysis from osmotic pressure

Question 8

Which enzyme does penicillin bind to and inhibit? (Hence its other name penicillin binding protein)

Answer 8

transpeptidase

Question 9

what does transpeptidase enzyme do

Answer 9

catalyzes the formation of the cross linkage between peptidoglycan which attributes to the firm cell wall

Question 10

List the steps of a gram stain

Answer 10

Crystal Violet Stain
Iodine
Alcohol (decolorize)
Safarin

Question 11

What does the fact that staph. aureas being coagulase + mean in terms of the body

Answer 11

activates prothrombin, allowing for blood to clot

Question 12

what does catalase do

Answer 12

breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Question 13

list the facultative intracellular organisms

Answer 13

listeria monocytogenes,

Salmonella typhi, Yersinia, Fracisells tularensis, Brucells, Legionella, and Mycobacterium

Question 14

All gram + bacteria create an exotoxin EXCEPT:

Answer 14

Listeria monocytogenes (produces an endotoxin)

Question 15

Name the two Gram - bacteria that secrete exotoxins.

Answer 15

vibrio cholera and E coli

Question 16

List these 4 examples sof enterotoxins that cause diarrhea and food poisoning

Answer 16

vibrio cholera, E coli, campylobacter jejuni, shigella dysenteriae

Question 17

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 17

gram + aerobic spore forming rod

Question 18

Bacillus cereus

Answer 18

food poisoning, gastroenteritis… antibiotic won’t tx symtoms of enterotoxin

Question 19

Name 2 genus of bacteria that are gram + spore forming bacilli (rods)

Answer 19

Clostridium (difficile, botulinism aka botox, and tetanus, and Bacillus anthracis and cereus

Question 20

corynebacterium diphtheriae (DPT)

Answer 20

gram + gray pseudomembrane in pharynx

NON spore forming. Powerful exotoxin

Question 21

What are two bacteria that are nonspore forming

Answer 21

Coynebacterium diphtheria and Listeria monocytogenes

Question 22

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 22

gram + rod nonsporing, endotoxin
Affects neonates, pregnant and immunocompromised
FACULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR

Question 23

The Enterics describe

Answer 23

normal intestinal flora that may cause disease

Question 24

List 4 major Enterics

Answer 24

enterobacteriacea, bibrionaceae, pseudomonadaceae, and bacteroidaceae

Question 25

this bacterial infection often presents with rice watery stools, severe dehydration and electrolyte depleting signs usually after travel

Answer 25

vibrio cholera

Question 26

This bacterial infection presents with signs of greenish fluorescent pigments at wound infections. (it is an obligate aerobe, gram - rod)

Answer 26

pneumonia aeruginosa

Question 27

Bacteroides fragilis is unique gram - in that it

Answer 27

has no endotoxin (lipid A) but it does have capsule

Question 28

How would you know that Shigella or salmonella are underlying cause in diarrhea?

Answer 28

WBC in the stool; due to its ability to destroy the intestinal epithelial cells

Question 29

How would you know campylobacter is a cause for the diarrhea

Answer 29

blood/pus in stool due to its ability to invade lymph nodes and bloodstream

Question 30

What is cholera's mechanism of action when causing diarrhea

Answer 30

binds to intestinal epithelial cells and kills with exotoxin (enterotoxin) vs. invading the cells or entering the bloodstream/lymph nodes

Question 31

this pathogen causes gastritis ulcers

Answer 31

Helicobacter pylori

Question 32

this curved/single flagellum pathogen is acquired fecal-oral from water/poultry and presents with HA, fever, bloody, loose diarrhea

Answer 32

campylobacter

Question 33

this pathogen is said to be "blood loving" and can cause acute epiglottis, meningitis, sepsis

Answer 33

hamophilus

Question 34

this bug causes the pertussis toxin

Answer 34

bordetella