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Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacteria with IgA proteases

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neiserria meningititidis, Neisseria gonorrhea

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2
Q

Toxin Polypeptide protein of gram positive and gram negative bacterias, destroyed rapidly at 60 degrees Celsius

A

Exotoxin

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3
Q

Lipopolysaccharide toxin og fram negative bacteria and listeria monocytogenes

A

endotoxin

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4
Q

only exotoxin not destroyed rapidly at 60C

A

Stpahylococcal exotoxin

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5
Q

toxic component of LPS

A

Lipid A

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6
Q

Stage without growth rate

A

lag or stationary

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7
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan except

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (sterol cell wall)

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8
Q

All gram positive bacteria have no endotoxin except

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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9
Q

All bacteria capsules are composed of polysaccharide EXCEPT

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

All exotoxins are heat labile EXCEPT

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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11
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
C. perfinges
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Grp D Strep

A

C. perfinges –> Egg yolk
Corynebacterium diphtheria –> Tellurite
Grp D Strep –> Bile Esculin

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12
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea (sterile site)
N. gonorrhea (unsterile site)
H. influenzae

A

N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea (sterile site) –> Chocolate
N. gonorrhea (unsterile site) –> Thayer Martin or VPN (Vancomycin, Polystin or Colistin, Nystatin)
H. influenzae –> Chocolate + factors X and V

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13
Q

Bacteria –> agar?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio Cholerae
Bordatella pertussis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis –> Lowenstein Jensen
Vibrio Cholerae –> Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts
Bordatella pertussis –> Bordet Gengou; Regan - Lowe

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14
Q

Bacteria –> Agar?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio Cholerae
Bordatella pertussis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis –> Charcoal Yeast Extract
Vibrio Cholerae –> Skirrows
Bordatella pertussis –> Barbour - Steoenner - Kelly

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15
Q 
Bacteria --> Agar? 
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeurginosa
Salmonella, Shigella
Leptospira interrogans
A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae –> Eaton
Pseudomonas aeurginosa –> Cetrimide
Salmonella, Shigella –> Xylose - Lysine - Deoxycholate (XLD)
Leptospira interrogans –> Ellinghausen - McCullough - Johnson - Harris ( EMJH)/ Fletcher’s

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16
Q

Gram (+) cocci in grape like clusters
B hemolytic on blood agar
Catalas positive
Coagulase positive

A

S. aureus

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17
Q

Gold color of S. aureus is due to pigment?

A

stpahyloxanthines

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18
Q

Virulence factor leading to Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

TSST 1

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19
Q

Most common cause of acute endoarditis

A

S. Aureus

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20
Q

Valve affected in infected endocarditis in IV drug users

A

Tricuspid Valve

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21
Q

Most common cause of post viral pneumonia

A

S. aureus

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22
Q

What is cleaved in the desmosomes of SSS and in what skin layer?

A

Desmoglein

Stratum granulosum

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23
Q

DOC for VRSA

A

Linezolid

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24
Q

DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

SE: Red man syndrome

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25
Gram (+) cocci in clusters catalase positive | coagulase negative novobiocin sensitive
S. epidermidis
26
most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis, septic arthriitis in prosthetic joints, VPS shunts
S. epidemidis ( glycocalyx can adhere well to foreign bodies and form biofilms
27
2nd most common cause of UTI among sexually active women
S. saprophyticus
28
Group A beta hemolytic Strep
Streptococcus pyogenes
29
Pathogen causing scarlet fever in S. pyogenes
Erythrogenic toxin
30
Protease that rapidly destroys tissue in necrotizing fascitis
Exotoxin B
31
titers that determine antecedent pharyngitis
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO)
32
titers that determine antecedent skin infection
Anti - DNAse B ( Streptolysin O is inhibited by skin lipids)
33
Spreading factor in cellulitis of S. pyogenes
hylaurinidase
34
test for susceptibility in Scarlet Fever
Dick test
35
strawberry tongue, Centrifugal rash, Pastia's lines, desquamation
Scarlet fever
36
Jones Criteria for ARF
Migratory polyarthritis, Syndenham Chorea or St. Vitus nace, Erythema Marginatum, Subcutaneous notules, Carditis
37
PRotein recacting in ARF
M proteins
38
most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the Phils
E. coli
39
most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the wol
S. agalatiae ( Grp B strep)
40
cause of endocarditis in patients who had GIT surgery
Enterococcus faecalis ( grp D strep)
41
cause of Marantic enocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy
Steptococcus bovis
42
Cause of Subacute and native valve endocarditis
Viridans streptococci ( Streptococcus anguis)
43
m/c valve affected in infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
44
m/c cause of acute otitis media
Pneumococcus
45
Aerobes need what enzymes to live
Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, PEroxidase
46
QUelleng reaction
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
47
M/c cause of CAP
S. pneumoniae
48
m/c cause in elderly mengitis
S. penumoniae
49
Encapsulated bacterias (7)
S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, Grp. B streptococci
50
Bacteria found in dental caris
S. mutans
51
Box car like rods, aerobic , gram (+), Medusa head morphology
Bacillus anthraxis
52
Woolsorter's disease
Bacillus anthracis
53
most common cause of death in inhalational anthrax
hemorrhagic mediastinitis
54
DOC cutaneous anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
55
DOC inhalation / GI anthrax
Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline + 1 or 2 additional antibiotics ( PCN, Vancomycin, Rifampin, Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Imipenem)
56
Reheated fried rice
B. cereus (Replace rice with cereal, get it ? )
57
Enterotoxin in emetic form of B. cerus disease ( rice)
heat stable
58
Enterotoxin in diarrheal form of B. Cerus disease ( from meat and vegetables)
Heat labile
59
NT released by Tetanospasmin from what cells that causes its spectrum of disease
GLycine from Renshaw cells
60
DOC tetanus
MEtronidazole ( PCN inhibits glycine so should not be used)
61
Agent causing: Risus sardonicus, opisthotonos, lockjar ( trismus)
C. tetani
62
anaerobic, gram positive , spore forming rods found in bulging canned goods and honey
C. botilinum
63
BOtox is a preparation from what componenets of C> botilinum
Exotoxin A
64
Floppy Baby syndrome
INfant botulism ( due to absence of competitive bowel microbes)
65
Bulbar signs of C. botulinum
Diplopia, Dysphonia, Dysarthritis, Dysphagia
66
LEcithinase that cleaves cell membranes in C. perfinges
alpha toxin
67
Antibiotics notorious for causing C. difficile
Clindamycin, 2nd and 3rd gen Cephalosporins and ampicillin
68
What causes pseudomembranous pharyngitis
C. diphtheria
69
WHat causes pseudomembranous esophagitis
C. albicans
70
elongation of ______ is the pathogenesis of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
EF-2
71
aerobic, non-spore forming non motile gram (+) rods club or comma shaped in V or L shaped looks chinese (-,-)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
72
Granules of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
MEtachromatic granules ( Babes-Ernst granules / volutin granules)
73
tumbling motility Shooting star motility Swarming motility Falling leaf motility
tumbling motility - L. monocytogenes Shooting star motility - V. cholerae Swarming motility - P. mirabilis Falling leaf motility - G. lambia
74
Gram (-) diplococci kidney shaped, ferments maltose and glucose
N. meningitides
75
Gram (-) diplococci kidney shaped, ferments glucose
N. gonorrheae
76
m/c cause of mengitis 2-18 y/o
N. mengitidis
77
most severe form of meningococcemia characterized by high fever, shock, widespread purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, Adrenal insufficiency ( bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of adrenal glands)
Waterhouse- Friderichsen syndrome
78
Ophthalmia neonatorum
N. gonorrhea
79
m/c cause of urethritis
n. gonorrhea
80
m/c cause of PID
n. gonorrhea
81
Violin string adhesions on the perihepatitis as a complication of PID
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
82
DOC for uncomplicated N. gonorrhea infection
Cefexime
83
DOC if pregnant and with complciated PID
Azithromycin
84
m/c cause of spetic arthritis in sexually active males
N. gonorrhea
85
HACEK organisms in subacute bacterial endocarditis
``` Haemophilus aprophilus Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hominis Eikinella corrodens Kingella kingae ```
86
m/c cause of epiglotittis ( thum sign on lateral x-ray
Haemophilus influenzae
87
Whooping cough
Bordatela pertussis
88
Facultative intracellular bacteria causing atypical pneumonia and pontiac fever
Legionella pneumophilia
89
Cauese of HUS
E. ocli O157 H7
90
m/c cause of community acquired UTI
E. coli
91
Cause of peristent watery diarrhea in children and patients infected with AIDS
EAEC
92
Watery diarrhea/ Traveler's Diarrhea, Montezuma's revenge, Delhi belly
ETEC
93
Test for Salmonella typhi
Widal test
94
ANtigen causing typhoid fever
VI capsular antigen
95
Where does the S. typhi go to establish a chronic carrier state
Gallbladder
96
DOC for chronic carrier state of S. typhi
Ampicillin
97
week of most complciations in typhoid fever
3rd ( bleeding, ileitis, pneumonia
98
Culture source per week of tyhoid fever
``` 1 - blood 2 - urine 3 -stool 4 bone marrow Chroniccarrier state bile ```
99
Where does shigella invade in the GIT
distal ileum and colon, low infectious dose
100
m/c cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
C. jejuni
101
Disease associations of C> jejuni
GBS, Reactive arthritis (Reiter's disease)
102
Urease positive bacteria
Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Ureaplasma urealyticum
103
m/c cause of pneumonia in alcoholics
Klebsiella pneumonia
104
found in struvite stones
Proteus mirabilis
105
most common cause of otitis externa and malignant otitis externa in diabetics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
106
Other use of BCG aside from TB prevention
urinary bladder cancer
107
smallest free living organism
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
108
m/c cause of atypical pneumonia
M. pneumoniae
109
m/c infectious cause of SJS
M. pneumoniae
110
Causes tabes dorsalis, Argyll robertson pupil, Chancre, condyloma lata
Treponoma pallidum
111
Confirmatory test in T. pallidum
FTA- ABS
112
Causes of False positive VDRL
Virus (EBV, Hepatitis), Drugs ( marijuana), Rheumatic fever, Rheumatic arthritis, LUpus, Leprosy
113
Influenza like symptoms few hours after receiving penicillin due to lysis of treponemes ( also seen in Borrelia and Leptospira)
Jarisch- Herxheimer reaction
114
largest medically important bacteria usually from deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and disease it causes?
Borrelia burgdorferi - Lyme disease
115
Spectrum of disease in Lyme disease
Stage 1 Erythema chronicum migrans Stage 2: Myocarditis, meningitis, bell's palsy stage 3: autoimmune migratory polyarthritis ( onion skin lesions), acrodermatitis enteropathica, chronica, arhtorphicans
116
DOC lyme disease
doxycycline
117
causes Relapsing fever transmitted by the human body louse ( Pediculus humanus)
BOrrelia recurrentis
118
thin, coiled spirochetes, hooked at one or both pointed ends, obligate aerobe, grown on EMJH medium or Fletcher's medium
Leptospira interrogans
119
Gold standard diagnosis of L. interoggans
Lepto MAt 1:1600 cutoff for dx
120
Weil's syndrome
jaundice, bleeding, uremia
121
DOC leptospirosis
penicillin G
122
msot common STD overall
Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K
123
m/c cause of infectious blindness in the world
C. trachomatis type A- C ( Halberstadter- PRowazek inclusions found in the conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma)
124
(+) Frei test
Lymphogranuloma venereum
125
OBLIgate intracellular paresite with (+) Weil Felix reaction
Ricketssiae
126
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella Hensellae
127
Q fever
Coxiella burnetti ( no rash, no vector only rickettsiae with negative Weil-Felix reaction, not obligate itnracellular, no Ricketssia in its genus name)
128
(+) Whiff test , fishy odor, clue cells present
Gardnerella vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis
129
Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyeri
130
Gram negative rods known to cause mesenteric adenitis (DDX for appendicitis)
YErsinia enterolitica
131
bipolar densitis ( DOnovan bodies that looks like closed safety pins, beefy red ulcer with velvety surface, pseudobuboe formation
Klebsiella granulamotosis --> Disease: Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis

Microbiology (3 decks)

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