Bacteria Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is asexual reproduction?
Give examples
Reproduction involving only one parent. Creates identical children/clones.
Examples include binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction.
What is sexual reproduction?
Two parents reproduce to create a genetically diverse child organism. (shares genes from both parents)
Describe the kingdom Eubacteria.
Prokaryotic, cell walls with peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph or hetertroph.
Describe the kingdom Archaebacteria.
Prokaryotic, cell walls without peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph or hetertroph.
Often live in harsh environments.
What are the beneficial points to bacteria?
They provide us with antibiotics, some act as producers and others break down dead organisms and release the nutrients.
What are the harmful points to bacteria?
Bacteria may cause infections or diseases that may cause death.
What are the three shapes of cells?
Cocci (singular coccus, sphere)
Bacilli (singular bacillus, rod)
Spirilla (singular spirillum, spiral)
Bacteria size ranges from __ to __.
0.1 micrometers to 10 micrometers.
How does gram-staining work?
A cell will be stained violet, washed with alcohol then stained with a red counterstain.
Gram-Positive bacteria’s thick cell walls will remain purple, alcohol will not wash stain out.
Gram-Negative bacteria’s thinner cell walls will let alcohol dissolve lipids and wash away purple, red counterstain leaves it red.
How do bacteria move?
One or more flagella.
They lash, snake or spiral forwards.
Some glide through their own secretion.
Some don’t move at all.
What is a heterotroph?
What are the two types?
an organism that obtains its energy from the food it eats.
Chemoheterotrophs, rely on organic compounds for carbon and energy.
Photoheterotrophs, rely on sunlight for energy and organic compounds for carbon.
Define prokaryotic.
Unicellular organisms that have no nucleus.
What is an autotroph?
What are the two types?
an organism that captures energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to create its own food.
Chemoautotrophs, make organic carbon molecules out of carbon dioxide and take energy directly from chemical reactions.
Photoautotrophs, use light energy to make organic carbon molecules out of carbon dioxide and water.
What is an obligate aerobe?
Organisms that rely on a constant supply of oxygen to live.
What is an obligate anaerobe?
Organisms that must live without oxygen or they will die.
What is a facultative anaerobe?
Organisms that can survive with or without oxygen (can live anywhere).
What is binary fission?
Asexual reproduction when a cell grows to twice its size, replicates DNA and divides in half to form two clone cells.
What is a vaccine?
weakened pathogens injected into the body to build an immunity to certain viruses.
What are antibiotics?
Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Describe sterilization.
Exposing bacteria to immense heat in order to destroy all the bacteria.
Describe disinfecting.
Using chemical solutions to kill pathogenic bacteria.
What are some ways to prevent bacteria from spreading on food?
Keep in the fridge which will slow the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Cook food on a hot pan to sterilize food.
