Bacteria

Question 1

Aerobic Bacteria (7)

Answer 1

Bacillus cereus
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Bordetella
Legionella
Brucella
Mycobacterium

Question 2

Anaerobic Bacteria (2)

Answer 2

Clostridium

Bacteroides

Question 3

Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria (5)

Answer 3

Staphylococcus
Bacillis anthracis
Coryenbacterium
Listeria
Mycoplasma

Question 4

Microaerophilic Bacteria (4)

Answer 4

Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Spirochetes
Campylobacter

Question 5

Neurotoxins

Examples (2) and Producing Bacteria

Answer 5

Tetanospasmin from Clostridium tetani

Botulinum from Clostridium botulinum

Question 6

Enterotoxins

Examples (5) and Producing Bacteria

Answer 6

Choleragen from Vibrio cholerae

Heat Labile Toxin from E. coli, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter jejuni

Heat Stable Toxin from E. coli, Bacillus cereus and Y. enterocolitica

Shiga Toxin from Shigella dysenteriae and E. coli

Staphylococcal Heat Stable Toxin from Staphylococcus aureus

Question 7

Pyrogenic Toxins

Examples (2) and Producing Bacteria

Answer 7

Streptococcus Pyrogenic Toxin from Group A Streptococci

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin from Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

Tissue Invasive Toxins
Producing Bacteria (3)

Answer 8

Staphylococcus pyrogenes (Group A)
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens

Question 9

Bacteriophage-Dependent Bacteria

Answer 9

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci
Corynebacterium diptheriae
E. coli

Question 10

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Hemolytic)
Virulence Factors (4), Diseases (7) 
and Delayed Ab Diseases (2)

Answer 10

C carbohydrate, M protein, Streptolysin O/S, Pyrogenic toxin

Pharyngitis, Pyoderma, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier’s gangrene, erysipelas, Scarlet Fever, Toxic Shock Syndrome

Rheumatic fever, Post Strep Glomerulonephritis

Question 11

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Age Group, Diseases

Answer 11

Neonates less than 3 months of age

Meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis

Question 12

Meningitis-Associated Bacteria
During Birth (3) and Infancy (2)

Answer 12

Birth: Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli

Infant: Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus influenzae

Question 13

Viridans Group Streptococci
Normal Locations (3) Diseases (3)

Answer 13

Gi Tract, Nasopharynx, Gingiva

Dental Infections (caries)
Endocarditis
Occult Abscesses (anginosus sp. or intermedius)

Question 14

Group D (Enterococcus and Non-Enterococcus)
Normal Location, Unique Characteristics (2), Hemolytic Patterns (2) and Diseases (4)

Answer 14

GI tract
Can Grow in 40% bile or 6.5% NaCl
Alpha/Gamma Hemolytic

UTIs, Biliary tract infections, subacute endocarditis
colon cancer (strep bovis)

Question 15

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Diseases (3), Lab Tests (2), Vaccine Populations (3)

Answer 15

Acquired lobar pneumonia and Meningitis (adults)
Otitis Media (kids)

Quellung reaction, Optochin sensitivity

Vaccine for elderly, asplenic or HIV patients

Question 16

Staphylococci

Morphology, Hemolytic Property and Differentiation

Answer 16

Grape-like clusters on culture

Beta hemolytic

Aureus is gold on sheep blood agar

Question 17

Staphylococcus aureus
Immune Resistance (5) and Tissue Invasion (4) Proteins

Answer 17

Beta Lactamase (penicillin resistance)
Protein A, Coagulase, Leukocidins, Hemocidins 

Hyaluronidase, Staphylokinase, Lipase, Protease

Question 18

Staphylococcus aureus Diseases
Toxin Release (3) and Organ Invasion (5)

Answer 18

Gastroenteritis, Scaled Skin syndrome and Toxic Shock syndrome

Pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis (young boys), endocarditis, septic arthritis (young/old)

Question 19

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Where Acquired (2) and Mechanism (2)

Answer 19

Can be community acquired or hospital acquired

SCCmec chromosomal acquisition that makes penicillin binding protein 2A

Question 20

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (2)

Answer 20

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Seen in indwelling catheters and prosthetics

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Community-acquired UTIs in sexually active women

Question 21

Bacillus anthracis

Unique Capsule, Where Acquired (2), Presentation (5)

Answer 21

Protein capsule blocks phagocytosis

In soil and infected animals

Cutaneous: malignant pustules
Pulmonary: mediastinal hemorrhage and widening
GI: vomit, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

Question 22

Bacillus cereus
Difference from anthracis (3)
Enterotoxins (2) with Presentation (3)

Answer 22

Motile, non-encapsulated and penicillin resistant

Heat Labile: N/V/D for 12-24 hours

Heat Stable: severe N/V, little diarrhea

Question 23

Clostridium

Species (4) and Disease Presenations (1, 3, 3, 2)

Answer 23

Clostridium botulinum
   flaccid paralysis (Ach blocker)

Clostridium tetani
Tetany, Trismus, Risus Sardonicus

Clostridium perfringes
Crepitus, Myonecrosis, Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile
Pseudomembranes on L. Intestine and Diarrhea

Question 24

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Culture (2), Presentation (3), Treatment (2)

Answer 24

Potassium tellurite agar and Loeffler’s coagulated blood serum

Sore throat, fever, dark inflammatory exudate in throat

Treat with antitoxin for circulating toxin and penicillin/erythromycin

Question 25

Listeria monocytogenes Pregnancy Considerations (2) Cell Mediated Immunity Issues (3)

Answer 25

Pregnant women should avoid cheese and deli meat Listeria infects cell-mediated immunocompromised Neonates Elderly/HIV patients Third trimester pregnant women

Question 26

Neiserria meningitidis | Virulence (4), Culture, High Risk Populations (3)

Answer 26

Capsule, LPS endotoxin, IgA1 protease and Pili Culture in Thayer-Martin VCN Infants 6 months-2 years Army recruits College freshman in dorms

Question 27

``` Neiserria meningitidis Diseases Acute Illness (4), Life Threatening (5), Fulminant (2) ```

Answer 27

Meningococcemia: fever, chills, arthralgia, petechial rash Meningitis: fever, vomit, irritable, bulging fontanelle, petechial rash Waterhouse Friederichsen syndrome: septic shock via bilateral adrenal gland hemorrhage

Question 28

Neiserria gonorrhoeae | Virulence (3), Male (4), Female (4), Untreated (2), Infants

Answer 28

Pili, Porins and Opa proteins Males: urethral pus, urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis Female: Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, peri-hepatitis Untreated: septic arthritis, bacteremia Infants: Opthalmia neonatorum

Question 29

Moraxella catarrhalis Infections (2)

Answer 29

``` Otitis media Upper respiratory (in pts with COPD/emphysema) ```

Question 30

HACEK group | Diseases (5) and Associated Disease

Answer 30

``` Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella ``` All associated with endocarditis