Bacteria

Question 1

Gram positive vs. Gram negative

Answer 1

Gram positive = Thick peptidoglycan (Gram stain caught - purple) PURPLE is POSITIVE
Gram negative = Thin peptidoglycan + outer membrane with LPS (pink)

Question 2

Gram positive cocci

Answer 2

Staphylococcus (a before e, catalase positive, clusters) - coagulase positive (aureus), coagulase negative (epidermis, saprophyticus)

Streptococcus (catalase negative, chains)

• Alpha haemolytic (partially lyse - pneumoniae, viridans)
• Beta haemolytic (fully lyse - Group A pyogenes, group B agalactiae)
• Non-haemolytic (don’t lyse - group D, E faecalis)`

Question 3

Gram positive bacilli

Answer 3

LARGE SPORES
Clostridium (anaerobic) - difficile, tetani, botulinum
Bacillus - anthraxis, cereus

SMALL, no spores
Listeria monocytogenes

Question 4

Gram negative diplococci

Answer 4

Neisseria - meningidites, gonorrhoeae

Question 5

C comma shaped

Answer 5

Vibrio cholera

Question 6

S shaped

Answer 6

Campylobacter

Question 7

Gram negative enteric (GI)

Answer 7

Aerobic (E coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, salmonella, shigella, proteus, yersinia, pseudomonas)
Anaerobic (bacteroides)
Curved (cholera, campylobacter, helicobacter)

Question 8

Gram negative non-enteric (non-GI)

Answer 8

Coccibacilli (mix) - H influenzae, Bordetaella pertussis, Gardnerella, Legionella, Coxiella, Brucella

Question 9

Gram negative spirochaete

Answer 9

Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme), leptospira

Question 10

Gram negative pleiomorphs

Answer 10

Pleiomorphic = changes shape depending on environment

Chlamydia

Question 11

Unique cell wall (neither Gram negative or positive)

Answer 11

Mycobacterium (acid fast - large amount of mycolic acid lipid in cell wall resists Gram staining - Ziehl Neelson)

Question 12

Encapsulated bacteria

Answer 12

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
S pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas
Neisseria
Cryptococcus