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Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalase +ve
–> Coagulase +ve

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2
Q

Diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus? Think main and x4 others

A

Skin infection (impetigo/cellulitis)
Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
Pneumonia
Endocarditis

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3
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalase +ve
–> coagulase -ve

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4
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis disease caused?

A

Endocarditis (prosthetic valves)

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5
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus investigation x3?

A

Gram +ve cocci
Catalse +ve
–> coagulase -ve

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6
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus disease caused?

A

UTI - honeymoon cystitis

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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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8
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae effect on blood agar and optochin?

A

Green edge on blood agar

Optochin resistant

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9
Q

Diseases caused by streptococcus pneumoniae? x2

A

Pneumonia and meningitis

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10
Q

Streptococcus viridians investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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11
Q

Streptococcus viridians effect on blood agar and optochin?

A

Green edge on blood agar and optochin resistant

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12
Q

Streptococcus viridians disease caused?

A

Endocarditis - rheumatic patients in dental

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13
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase -ve

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14
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes effect on blood agar and which Lancefield?

A

Clear on blood agar

A

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15
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes will cause x2 main?

A

Cellulitis and strep throat

Also rheumatic fever/glomerulonephritis/impetigo (if becomes very severe)

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16
Q

Listeria monocytogenes investigation x1 and aerobic/anaerobic?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Aerobic

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17
Q

Listeria monocytogenes main in specifically who, and x2 diseases caused?

A

Meningitis in immunocompromised, sepsis (neonates), abortion in pregnant

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18
Q

Clostridium investigation x1 and aerobic/anaerobic?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Anaerobic

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19
Q 
Clostridium will cause x4?
C.perfringes?
C.tetani?
C.difficile?
C.botulinum?
A

Perfringes - gas gangrene
Tetani - tetanus
Difficile - pseudoemn colitis
Botulinum - botuilism

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20
Q

Bacillus is notifiable and investigation x2?

A

Gram +ve bacilli

Aerobic

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracic causes?

Bacillus cereus caused?

A

Anthrax and food poisoning (rice) respectively

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22
Q

Escherichia coli investigation x1?

A

Gram -ve bacilli

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23
Q

Effect of E.coli on MacConkey and therefore?

A

Lactose fermenter as purple

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24
Q

E.coli will cause x4?

A

Diarrhoea, UTI, pneumonia, Meningitis (neonates)

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25
Klebsiella pneumoniae investigation?
Gram -ve bacilli
26
Klebsiella pneumoniae effect on MacConkey and therefore?
Lactose fermenter as purple
27
Klebsiella pneumoniae will cause x2?
Pneumonia | UTI
28
Nesisseria investigation x2? | Oxidase?
Gram -ve cocci | Oxidase +ve
29
Nesisseria will cause? x2
Meningitis and gonorrhoea
30
Haemophilus influenzae investigation? | Chocolate agar?
Gram -ve coccobacilli | VX on chocolate agar
31
H.influenzae will cause? x4
Meningitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, sinusitis
32
Legionella pneumophilia investigation x1? | And which test?
Gram -ve coccobacilli | Urine antigen test
33
Legionella pneumophilia causes? In who?
Severe pneumonia particularly in the immunocompromised
34
Pseudomonas aeruginosa investigation x3? Lactose fermenter? Oxidase?
Gram -ve bacilli Non-lactose fermenter Oxidase +ve
35
Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause x2?
UTI, pneumonia, sepsis | and smelly sputum
36
Proteus mirabilis investigation? | Lactose fermenter?
Gram -ve bacilli | Non-lactose fermenter
37
Proteus mirabilis diseases caused?
UTI, kidney stones
38
Campylobacter jejuni/coli investigation? | Oxidase test?
Parvobacteria - spiral rods | Oxidase +ve
39
C. jejuni/coli causes? x2
Giullian Barre, diarrhoea (food poisoning)
40
H.pylori investigation oxidase test? What shape?
Positive and spiral shape
41
H. pylori causes?
Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers
42
Salmonella investigation; lactose fermenter and oxidase?
Gram -ve bacilli Non-lactose fermenter Oxidase -ve
43
Salmonella disease caused?
Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
44
Shigella investigation and think lactose fermenter and oxidase test?
Gram -ve bacilli Non-lactose fermenter Oxidase +ve
45
Shigella causes
Dysentry
46
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes?
Tuberculosis
47
Mycobacterium tuberculosis investigation; zeil-nelison stain and culture?
Acid fast bacilli | Culture is Lowenstein-Jenson slopes
48
What happens in Beta-haemolysis?
Blood cells are completely broken down so will appear clear around the culture
49
What happens in Alpha-haemolysis?
Greeny hue - Fe oxidised to green colour
50
What happens in Delta-haemolysis?
Normal haemolysis
51
What stain is required to see gram -ve bacteria?
Fuchsin or safranin counterstain
52
Why is a different stain required to see gram -ve bacteria? Constituents of two layers.
Peptidoglycan layer is thinner outer membrane in gram -ve. Inner leaflet - phospholipid Outer leaflet - lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
53
What is a virulence factor?
Any product or strategy that contributes to the pathogenicity/virulence
54
x5 proteobacteria? (not important to recite all 5, but they are rod shaped)
Shigella flexneri, E.col, Salmonella enterica, proteus mirabilis, klebsiela pneumonia
55
Why is the Ziehl-neelsen stain used for TB?
TB cell walls are very lipid dense so gram strain can't penetrate them. Highlighted as yellow-orange on green as acid fast bacteria.
56
What x3 bacteria can cause STI?
Chlamydia trochmatis, N. gonnorhoea and syphilis
57
Treatment for bacteria causing STI?
Azithromycin, IM benzep or doxycycline (depends on the STI and individual)
58
Lactose positive on Mackonkey-lactose agar colour?
Red/purple
59
Lactose negative on Mackoney-lactose agar (e.g. salmonella)?
White
60
Why is only a low dose of Shigella required to cause infection?
Acid-tolerant
61
Why can salmonella cause enteric fever?
Initially there is little damage to the gut mucosa cells, but can spread systemically through the lymphatic system due to survival within macrophages
62
Vibrio cholerae survives in what environment and can cause what disease?
Saline environment and can cause severe diarrhoeal disease
63
Why is pseudomonas aeruginosa so dangerous?
Highly resistant to multiple antibiotics so very hard to treat once it has breached the host defenses of the organism
64
Why reduced incidence of H.influenzae now?
Vaccine present
65
N. gonorrhea causes which diseases x3?
Proctitis Gingitis Pharyngitis
66
Chlamydia trachomatis causes?
Blindness, conjunctivitis, urethra membrane
67
What are spirochaetae shape?
Long, slender, helical, highly flexible
68
What do spirchaetae have as an adaptation to aid in their movement?
Endoflagella between peptidoglycan and outer membrane
69
Treponema pallidum is the spirocheatae responsible for?
The STD syphilis
70
Treponema pallidum primary, secondary and tertiary infection?
Primary - localized infection (ulcer) Secondary - Systemic (joints, muscles, skin, lymph nodes) Tertiary - granuloma in bone and soft tissue
71
Which cells do mycobacteria survive very well within?
Macrophages and are very slow growing
72
Why is TB not considered gram positive?
Won't strain gram staining paper
73
Leptospira bacteria will cause which disease?
Weil's disease
74
How do mycobacteria differ from normal bacteria?
Intracellular

Microbiology (4 decks)

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