Bacteria

Question 1

Type of cell which lacks a nucleus and other organelles

Answer 1

prokaryotic cells

Question 2

The smallest and most common microorganisms

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Of the two bacterial kingdoms, this kingdom is more closely related to eukaryotes

Answer 3

Eubacteria

Question 4

These are the most ancient organisms and live in harsh environments

Answer 4

Archaebacteria

Question 5

bacteria cell walls which contain peptidoglycan (gram positive), stain this color

Answer 5

Purple

Question 6

Gram negative cells stain this color

Answer 6

pink

Question 7

Part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exists the bacterium

Answer 7

cell membrane

Question 8

peptidoglycan is found in this structure in Eubacteria

Answer 8

cell walls

Question 9

some bacteria are propelled by this structure

Answer 9

flagellum

Question 10

a random change in the DNA of bacteria

Answer 10

mutation

Question 11

bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

Answer 11

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 12

bacteria that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

Answer 12

Obligate Aerobes

Question 13

bacteria that live in absence of oxygen

Answer 13

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 14

bacteria that play a major role in the “fixation” of this gas into a from which is usable by plants

Answer 14

nitrogen

Question 15

spiral shaped bacteria

Answer 15

Spirilla

Question 16

rod shaped bacteria

Answer 16

Bacilli

Question 17

Spherical shaped bacteria

Answer 17

Cocci

Question 18

bacteria that use organic chemicals for their energy source and organic compounds for their carbon source

Answer 18

chemoheterotroph

Question 19

bacteria that use light for their energy source and use CO2 for their carbon source are called

Answer 19

photoautotroph

Question 20

… compounds are used by chemoautotrophs for a source of energy

Answer 20

organic

Question 21

The process of producing energy without the use of oxygen- it is hpw alcohol is produced for various drinks

Answer 21

fermentation

Question 22

enabled bacteria to exchange genetic information through the production of a cytoplasmic bridge

Answer 22

conjugation

Question 23

this small circular piece of DNA is transferred during conjugation

Answer 23

plasmid

Question 24

asexual reproduction of bacteria where the daughter cells produced are not equal in size

Answer 24

budding

Question 25

formed to allow a bacteria to survive in harsh conditions, they can grow and reproduce when conditions before more favorable

Answer 25

endospore

Question 26

used to treat bacterial infections

Answer 26

antibiotics

Question 27

this simple preventive action is one of the best ways to prevent diseases

Answer 27

hand washing

Question 28

a chemical that kills microorganisms on the skin or living tissue

Answer 28

antiseptic

Question 29

a chemical used to kill bacteria on nonliving surfaces (Lysol or chlorox)

Answer 29

disinfection

Question 30

results in bacterial strains where antibiotics are used too frequently and no longer effective

Answer 30

antibiotic resistance

Question 31

compared to viruses bacteria are much ... in size

Answer 31

Bigger

Question 32

Archaebacteria

Answer 32

- ancient - live in extreme environments - gram negative - walls lack peptidoglycan

Question 33

Eubacteria

Answer 33

- common - live everywhere - gram positive - walls have peptidoglycan

Question 34

Plasmid

Answer 34

Round shaped piece of dna

Question 35

Effects of bacteria harmful

Answer 35

- make food spoil - cause tooth decay - E.coli in hamburger - cause milk to go sour - gasoline spoilage - pollute water sources, coliform bacteria - Botulism

Question 36

Effects of bacteria helpful

Answer 36

- decompose organic waste - fix nitrogen in soil for plants - making cheese - Manning yoghurt - cleaning up oil spills - making vinegar - synthesis of vitamins in your intestines - produce lactic acid in intestine to help digest food - source of antibiotics - bioremediation used in sewage disposal

Question 37

Causes of bacteria diseases

Answer 37

``` Meningitis Pneumonia Botulism Cholera Gonorrhea Leprosy Anthrax Step throat ```

Question 38

Chemoautotroph

Answer 38

Make organic molecules for energy from carbon dioxide using chemicals as an energy source (chemoaynthesis)

Question 39

Photoautotroph

Answer 39

Make organic molecules for energy from carbon dioxide using light as an energy source (photosynthesis)

Question 40

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 40

Must take in organic compounds for energy and carbon

Question 41

Photoheterotroph

Answer 41

Use sunlight as an energy source, but must take in organic compounds for carbon

Question 42

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 42

Must live in the presence of oxygen

Question 43

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 43

Must live in the absence of oxygen for survival

Question 44

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 44

Can live in both oxygen rich and anoxic environments

Question 45

Binary fission

Answer 45

- asexual form of reproduction - one cell duplicates it’s genetic material and then divides into two smaller daughter cells - produces two genetically identical daughter cells - occurs quite quickly in ideal conditions ( up to one generation every 20 min)

Question 46

Conjugation

Answer 46

- A little bit like sexual reproduction in that it increases genetic variation between bacteria - Two cells unite via a cytoplasmic bridge between them - the donor cell sends a piece of DNA called a plasmid to the recipient cell - the cells break their connection and both leave genetically altered

Question 47

Endospore formation

Answer 47

- formed during periods of unfavorable conditions - the bacterial cell shrinks and develops a extremely though envelope around it - the cell can re emerge from the endospore when conditions become more favorable and begin growing and reproducing once again

Question 48

Actual size

Answer 48

Field of view/#accross

Question 49

Magnification of the drawing

Answer 49

Drawing size/ actual size

Question 50

Cell wall

Answer 50

Protection, rigidity, prevents cell lysis

Question 51

Cytoplasm

Answer 51

Medium for the transport of nutrients and waste

Question 52

Ribosomes

Answer 52

Protein synthesis