Bacteria (Diana's Half) Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
What is the species affected in Staphylococcus Aureus
A
Cattle - mastitis
Humans - toxic shock or food poisoning
2
Q
Is Staphylococcus Aureus considered normal flora ?
A
yes, it is found in animals and humans
3
Q
What is the gram-stain/morphology of Staphylococcus Aureus
A
Gram + , cocci ( can have clusters )
4
Q
What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus Aureus
A
polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms
5
Q
Where is Staphylococcus Aureus located/resides
A
mucosal surfaces of animals and people
6
Q
What is the transmission route for Staphylococcus Aureus
A
opportunistic, epithelial damage ( can occur exogenerously from host or fomite contact ) ( mastitis - infected milk/machine)
7
Q
What is the clinical presentation seen in Staphylococcus Aureus
A
pus
in humans, toxic shock or food poisoning
Mastitis in cattle
8
Q
What is the treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus
A
antibiotics, teat dipping ( pre and post milking ) milk machine maintenance
9
Q
Is Staphylococcus Aureus zoonotic ?
A
YES
10
Q
Is Staphylococcus Aureus resistant to B-lactams ?
A
yes
11
Q
Can Staphylococcus Aureus be nosocomial ( originate in hospital )
A
yes
12
Q
What are the species affected in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ?
A
dogs and cats
13
Q
Is the flora in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius normal ?
A
yes, its normal
14
Q
What is the gram stain/morphology for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ?
A
gram +
cocci, can have clusters
15
Q
What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
A
polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms
16
Q
Staphylococcus Aureus is considered MRSA , true or false ?
A
True
17
Q
What are the pathogenic features of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
A
polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms
18
Q
Where does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius reside ?
A
ears, throat, nasal and genital mucous mem, and sometimes skin
19
Q
What is the transmission route of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
A
opportunistic, epithelial damage ( can occur exogenously from host or fomite contact nonsocomial )
20
Q
What is the clinical presentation in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
A
pyoderma ( secondary to trauma ) ( superficial or deep ) , otitis, eye infection , cystitis ( calculus formation )
21
Q
What is the treatment for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
A
shampoo, resolve underlying problem, B lactamase resistant abx
22
Q
True or false, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is MRSP
A
true
23
Q
What are the species affected for Staphylococcus hycius ?
A
young swine about 1-7wk old
24
Q
What disease is Staphylococcus hycius also known for
A
greasy pig
25
Is Staphylococcus hycius normal or abnormal flora
yes ( sow )
26
What is the gram stain/morphology of Staphylococcus hycius
gram +
cocci, can cluster
27
What are some pathogenic features of Staphylococcus hycius
Produces exfoliative toxin
Disease is probably systemic due to toxin absorption - resulting in degenerative changes in renal tubular epithelium
28
What are some pathogenic features of Staphylococcus hycius
polysaccharide capsule, catalase, hemolysins, exfoliative toxins, TSS 1 toxin, enterotoxins, urease, biofilms
exfoliative toxin - primary
29
Where is Staphylococcus hycius located/reside
normal flora in sow
nasal passage
30
What is the transmission route for Staphylococcus hycius
lesions from bite wounds
31
What is the clinical presentation for Staphylococcus hycius
exudative dermatitis
32
What is the treatment of Staphylococcus hycius
cut needle teeth, topical and systemic abx, wash
33
What are the species affected in Streptococcus agalactiae
cattle ( dairy )
34
Is Streptococcus agalactiae normal flora
yes
35
What is the gram stain/morphology for Streptococcus agalactiae
gram +
basophillic, cocci ( can form chains )
36
What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus agalactiae
M-protein, capsule, hemolysins
37
Where is Streptococcus agalactiae located ?
mucous membrane of upper resp
GI or lower genital tract
38
What is the transmission route for Streptococcus agalactiae
exogenous or endogenous ( from self or fmoites/ infected animals ) ( milking procedures )
39
What is the clinical presentation of Streptococcus agalactiae
abscess formation ( pus ) and septicemia ( mastitis )
40
What treatment is used in Streptococcus agalactiae
abx , teat dipping, sanitation, cull chronically infected, vaccinate
41
What are the species affected in Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
cattle ( dairy )
42
Is the flora in Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae normal ?
yes, found in cattle ( GI Tract )
43
What is the gram stain/morphology of Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
Gram +
basophillic
cocci, can form chains
44
What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
M-protein
capsule
hemolysins
45
Where is Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae located/resides
GI Tract flora of cattle, environment ( manure/ wet surroundings )
46
What is the transmission route for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
manure-contaminated , can pass from cow to cow once infected
47
What is the clinical presentaion for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
masitits
abscess formation ( pus )
48
What is the treatment for Streptococcus uberis and dysgalactiae
abx/ teat dipping, avoid teat injuries, clean bedding, dry environment, sand can minimize environment
49
What species are affected in Streptococcus suis
swine ( new born )
50
Is Streptococcus suis normal flora
yes , normal
51
What is the gram stain/morphology for Streptococcus suis
gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )
52
What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus suis
M-protein
capsule
hemolysins
53
Where is Streptococcus suis located/resides
tonsils, nostrils, vagina of adult carriers
54
What is the transmission route of Streptococcus suis
newborn infected during birth ( vaginal )
55
What is the clinical presentation for Streptococcus suis
septicemia
arthritis
meningitis
pericarditis
endocarditis
pneumonia
56
What is the treatment for Streptococcus suis
no treatment
57
What species are affected in Streptococcus canis
dogs
58
Is Streptococcus canis normal flora
yes
59
What is the gram stain/morphology of Streptococcus canis
gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )
60
What are the pathogenic features of Streptococcus canis
M-protein
capsule
hemolysins
61
Where are the organisms located/reside in Streptococcus canis
normal flora of skin and mucus membrane in dogs and cats
62
What is the transmission route of Streptococcus canis
63
What is the clinical presentation of Streptococcus canis
otitis
pneumonia secondary to resp viral disease
64
What is the treatment of Streptococcus canis
no treatment ?
65
What species are affect by steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
equine ( horses & foals )
66
Is steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus ) normal flora
yes
67
What is the gram stain/morphology in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )
68
What are the pathogenic features in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
M-protein
capsule
hemolysins
69
Where is the organism located in steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
flora of URT and vagina
70
What is the transmission route of steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
often secondary to resp virus infection
71
What is the clinical presentaion of steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus )
pneumonia septicemia ( foals )
metritis and infertility in mare
72
Is steptococcus equi ( ssp. zooepidermicus ) zoonotic
yes
73
What are the species affected in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
equine
74
Is streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi ) normal flora
no
75
What is the gram stain. morphology in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
gram +
basophillic
cocci ( can form chains )
76
What are the pathogenic features in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
M-protein
capsule
hemolysins
77
Where are the organisms located/reside in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
infected fomites, environment ( survives 2 months out of host )
78
What is the transmission route of streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
inhalation
contact with infected secretions in environment/fomites
79
What is the clinical presentation for streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
fever
anorexia
painful mandibular
retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy with abscess and rupture
nasal charge
80
What is the treatment in streptococcus equi ( ssp. Equi )
culture
PCR
nasal swab
isolation
disinfection
abx
reportable disease
81
Is bastard strangles zoonotic
no
82
is there a vaccine for bastard strangles
yes but for at risk populations
83
What are some complications that can arise from bastard strangles
guttural pouch empyema
purpura hemorrhagic
84
What species are affected by enterococcus spp
animals and humans
85
Is enterococcus spp normal flora
yes
86
What is the gram stain/morphology of enterococcus spp
gram+
cocci, chains or diplococcus
single organisms
87
What are the pathogenic features of enterococcus spp
polysaccharide capsule
88
The organism of enterococcus spp is located/resides where
animals
human GI Tract
89
What is the transmission route of enterococcus spp
endogenous infection from flora
opportunist
90
What is the clinical presentation of enterococcus spp
diarrhea in young animals
otitis
cystitis
wound infection
91
What is the treatment of enterococcus spp
abx
fluids
supportive care
hygiene
92
In enterococcus spp , what species is transposon encoded abx resistance common in
humans
93
What is the species affected in Listeria Monocytogenes
ruminants
94
Is Listeria Monocytogenes normal flora
no
95
What is the gram stain/morphology of Listeria Monocytogenes
gram +
rod shaped
96
What are the pathogenic features of Listeria Monocytogenes
facultative
invade many host cells
listeriolysin O
intracellular replication
actin polymerization
pseudopod
97
Where are the organisms in Listeria Monocytogenes located/reside
soil
water
farm feed
spoiled silage
98
What is the transmission route of Listeria Monocytogenes
ingestion
can be inhaled
transit along nerves to CNS
99
What is the clinical presentation in Listeria Monocytogenes
abortion or neural/CNS form
circling disease
fever
head pressing
nystagmus
100
What is the treatment in Listeria Monocytogenes
100% fatal if untreated
early antibiotics
avoid poor quality silage
101
Listeria Monocytogenes common in what type of host
immunocompromised
102
In the winter and spring , Listeria Monocytogenes affects what two species
cattle and sheep
103
Is Listeria Monocytogenes zoonotic
yes
104
Rhodococcus Equi is seen what species
FOALS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS
and
immunocompromised humans
105
Is Rhodococcus Equi normal flora
no
106
What is the gram stain/morphology in Rhodococcus Equi
gram +
coccobacillius
salmon color
colonies
107
What are the pathogenic features in Rhodococcus Equi
facultative intracellular of macrophages , plasmid, VapA
108
Where is Rhodococcus Equi located/reside
soil
equine manure
109
What is the transmission route of Rhodococcus Equi
inhalation
ingestion
110
What is the clinical presentation of Rhodococcus Equi
pyogranulomatous
pneumonia
concomitant enteritis
weight loss
osteomyelitis
111
What is the treatment of Rhodococcus Equi
many resolve without treatment
showing clinical signs ? can treat long term with abx with MACROLIDE
hyperimune plasma given at birth ( prevention )
112
What is the pre-requisite of Rhodococcus Equi
immaturity/compromised maturity
113
The history of Rhodococcus Equi comes from ?
farm
114
Is Rhodococcus Equi zoonotic ?
yes
115
What species are affected in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ?
swine
turkeys
young ruminants
humans
116
Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae normal flora
yes
found on skin of fish
mucus membranes
GI tract of carrier swine
117
What is the gram stain/morphology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
gram _
typically rod shaped
sometimes filamentous
118
What are the pathogenic features of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
neuraminidase
119
Where are the organisms found/reside in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
water
soil
120
What is the transmission route of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
ingestion of contaminated feed
soil
water
feces
ingestion of fishmeal
shed by carrier pigs
( secretions, saliva, feces)
121
What are the clinical presentations seen in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
swine : erysipelas "diamond skin disease", skin infarct, actue septicemia, endocarditis, arthritis
Turkey/poultry: cyanotic skin, endocarditis , arthritis
Sheep and calves : arthritis
Humans: erysipeloid, swelling, systematic complications
122
What is the treatment in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
not effective in chronic forms ( athritis )
antibiotics - penincillin in swine and turkeys
vaccines are available
Humans : can take penincillin
123
Are older or younger swine more susceptible in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
younger
124
Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae zoonotic
yes
125
Corynebacterium renale is found in what species
cattle
126
Is Corynebacterium renale normal flora
yes, lower genital mucosa
127
What is the gram stain/morphology in Corynebacterium renale
small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
cluster
facultative anaerobe
128
What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium renale
urease
129
Where is the organism located/reside in Corynebacterium renale
bacteria shed
contaminate pasture
130
What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium renale
endogenous common
131
What is the clinical presentation in Corynebacterium renale
pus formation / neutrophils
pyelonephritis ( cystitis, urethritis )
purulent blood urine
132
What is the treatment in Corynebacterium renale
reduce protein in diet
penicillin
133
What species are affected in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
sheep and goats
134
Is Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis normal flora
yes
135
What is the gram stain/morphology of Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
cluster, facultative anaerobe
136
What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
urease
137
Where are the organisms located in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
bacteria shed and contaminate pasture
138
What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
endogenous common
139
What is the clinical presentation in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
pizzle rot
inflammation, ulcers/scabs around prepuce
140
What is the treatment in Corynebacterium pilosum & C. m cystitidis
reduce high protein in diet, clip and clean around prepuce
141
What species are affected in Corynebacterium pseudo-tuberculosis
small ruminants and horses
142
Is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis normal flora
Yes, GI tract
143
What is the gram stain/morphology of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
small gram +
pleomorphic rods ( many sizes )
facultative anaerobe
144
What are the pathogenic features in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
facultative intracellular of macrophages
phospholipase D
145
Where does the organism reside/located in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
soil
146
What is the transmission route in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
enter abrasions/injuries
spread via lymphatic system
direct pus contact
mechanical transmission by insects
147
What is the clinical presentaion of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
ruminants : caseous lymphadenitis, abscesses of superficial LNs, visceral disease with abscesses
Horses: pigeon fever, pectoral abscesses and cellulitis , internal abscess possible
148
What is the treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
abx generally ineffective
limit exposure and segregate infected animals
avoid shearing injuries
vaccine available ( prevention )
Horses : drain abscess, long term abx , vaccine
