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MOD Exam2 > Bacteria - Hillard (continued) > Flashcards

Bacteria - Hillard (continued) Flashcards

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1
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
classification
color
smell

A

gram - bacilli, aerobic , flagella
green-blue on agar or ulcers or active infections
smells like grape

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2
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence factors

boards

A
  1. hemolysin
    2 collagenase
  2. elastase
    PPL C, DNase)
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3
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects who

A 
CF
Burns
weak hospitilized 
DM if osteomyelitis
Swimmers if Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
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4
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa SX

A

pulmonary infections (bronchitis or pneumonia) –CF
swimmers ear
hot tub folliculitis
(wet damp areas)

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5
Q

Bacteroides fragilis
classification
virulence factor
colonizes

A

gram - bacilli, anaerobic
low virulence
normal bowel flora

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6
Q

Bacteroides fragilis SX

A
  1. abscesses = after traumatic bowel injury
  2. abscess from ischemic bowel perforation
  3. Deep abscesses
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7
Q

Vibronaceace cholera
classification
transmission

A

gram - comma shaped, motile

fecal oral TR, brackish + marine waters

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8
Q

Vibronaceace cholera

toxin and function

A

Cholera toxin : activated cAMP = NaCl secretion and pull water out
(like enterotoxogenic E. coli)

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9
Q

Vibronaceace cholera SX

A

watery D (1L water per hour)

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10
Q

Vibronaceace cholera vs enterotoxogenic E. coli

A

Vibro cholera is not part of normal flora

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11
Q

Vibro parahaemolyticus

TR how

A

raw seafood (oysters, sushi)

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12
Q

Vibro parahaemolyticus SX

A

WATERY D, N,V

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13
Q

Vibro vulnificus

TR how

A

raw seafood (oysters, fish handling or eating)

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14
Q

Vibro vulnificus SX of consumtion

A

SEPTICEMIA (fever, hypotension, n,v, WATERY D)

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15
Q

Vibro vulnificus SX od handling

A

progressive necrotizing hemorrhagic wound infection

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16
Q

Campylobacter jujuni
classification
TR mode

A 
gram - comma, motile
uncooked meat (chicken), unpasteurized milk
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17
Q

Campylobacter jujuni
colonizes
can react with what organism

A

SI and Colon

itself

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18
Q

Campylobacter jujuni SX

A
  1. mucosal ulceration
  2. FEVER
  3. D (blood or no blood)
  4. ABD pain
  5. can look like acute appendicitis
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19
Q

Campylobacter jujuni can cause what disease

A

Guillian- Barre syndrome
= immune mediated neuropathy —-> ascending flaccid paralysis from legs up
= pins needles paralysis
= can lead to respiratory paralysis

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20
Q

2 organisms what can present as acute appendicitis

A
  1. Campylobacter jujuni

2. Yersinia enterocolitica

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21
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome SX

A

cant pee –urethritis, cant see—-conjuctivitis, cant climb a tree —-> septic arthritis
low grade fever

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22
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome

infects how and who is susceptible

A

people with HLA-B27

abnormal immune response

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23
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome can be associated with

A

after any enteric bacterial infection

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24
Q

Helicobacter pylori
classification
toxin

A

gram - curvilinear bacilli

urease (alkaline urinealkaline breath*, pink on test)

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25
H Pylori SX
1. Chronic gastritis (N,V) | 2. Gastric and Duodenal ulcers (pain)
26
H pylori can lead to
1. B-cell lymohoma | 2. Gastric adenocarcinoma
27
H-pylori TR mode
oral-oral or oral fecal
28
H pylori cells that you see
N and lymphocytes
29
Respiratory pathogens 3
1. Bordetella Pertussis 2. Legionella Pneumonophilia 3. Haemophilus influenza
30
Bordetella pertussis classification virulence factors
``` gram - bacilli highly contageous pertussis toxin (increases cAMP = lymphocytosis, lowered phagocytosis, histamine sensitivity) ```
31
Bordetella pertussis SX | prevention
Whooping cough after 1-2 weeks of cold sx, nose and mouth secretions can become pneumonia DTAP vaccine
32
cell you see in Bordetella pertussis
lymphocytosis (few bacterial infections show this)
33
Legionella pneumophila classification colonizes toxin
gram - bacilli water systems biofilms and inside amoebas
34
Legionella pneumophila can cause what SX
1. Pontiac Fever : self-limited febrile illness 2-5 days | 2. Legionnaire's Disease : Multilobular pneumonia + abscess
35
Haemophilus influenzae classification grow on prevention
gram - pleomorphic bacilli (encapsulated + non-encapsulated) grow on HEMIN and NAD (found in chocolate agar blood) Hib vaccine --> prevent meningitis at early age
36
Factor X | Factor V
Hemin | NAD
37
3 organisms that grow on chocolate agar
1. Neisseria 2. Moraxella 3. Haemophilus influenza
38
most severe Haemophilus influenzae
type b = Hib
39
Haemophilus influenzae encapsulated SX
1. childhood : meningitis * 2. acute epiglottitis : fever, wheezing, drooling * = acute layrngeal spasm that can cause complete occlusion of airway, when examining larynx 3. septic arthritis : young child
40
Haemophilus influenzae unencapsulated SX
1. Otitis media* 2. Sinusitis 3. COPD exacerbation
41
Haemophilus ducreyi : "Chancroid" classification grows on TR mode
gram - coccobacillus X and V factor (hemin + NAD) agar (clumping looking) Sexual transmitted disease : painful genital ulcer "chancroid"
42
Haemophilus ducreyi : "Chancroid" SX
STI : painful genital ulcer = chancroid | pus forming, painful suppurative inguinal lymphadenopathy
43
Chancroid organism lesion seen LN
Haemophilus ducreyi PAINFUL papule ---> ulcer PAINFUL suppurative lymphadenopathy
44
Herpes simplex organism lesion seen LN
HSV1 + 2 virus PAINFUL blister ---> ulcer PAINFUL lymphadenopathy ****common****
45
Primary Syphilis organism lesion seen LN
Treponema pallidum X painful ulcer X lymphadenopathy **** common****
46
Granuloma inguinale organism lesion seen LN
Klebsiella granulomatis X painful papule or ulcer X lymphadenopathy
47
Lymphogranuloma venerum organism lesion seen LN
Chlamydia trachomatis X painful papule or ulcer PAINFUL suppurative lymphadenopathy
48
Garderella vaginalis classification colonizes causes what
gram - bacilli vagina bacterial vaginalis (clue cells on pap smear)
49
clue cells
squamous epithelial cells on pap smear that have mixed flora with Garderella vaginalis
50
Garderella vaginalis SX
malodorous " fishy smell" discharge pruritus, itching, dysuria (if urethra involved)
51
4 gram - zoonotic bacilli
1. Yersinia pestis -faculative intracellular 2. Francisella tularensis -faculative intracellular 3. Brucella species -faculative intracellular 4. Pasteurella multocida - local infection
52
faculative intracellular
survive in macrophages and can be transfered to LN and disseminate = systematic infection
53
Yersinia pestis classification colonizes vector it transferred from
gram - bipolar shaped prairie dog , wild rats from fleas
54
Yersinia pestis causes SX
1. Bubonic plague : flea bite and bacteria enters, hemorrhage under skin - black death, LN hot and painful - buboes, high fever 2. Pneumonic plague : Aerosolized human to human contact
55
Francisella tularensis classification colonizes vector
gram - rabbits , wild animals tick or deerfly bite
56
Francisella tularensis SX
1. Ulceroglandular tularemia : skin ulcer from bite (similar to bubonic plague, only with ulcer) = fever = painful lymphadenopathy 2. Pneumonic tularemia
57
Brucella species classification colonizes
gram - | domesticated animal products (unpasturized milk), infected meat, placenta
58
Brucella species SX
1. fever (****undulant* = high at day, low at night) 2. night sweats 3. anemia and leukopenia 4. splemomegaly
59
Pasteurella multocida classification colonizes vector for TR
gram - bacilli cats and dogs normal flora bites or scratch from cat or dog
60
Pasteurella multocida SX
Faculative anaerobic : localized wound infection = cellultis
61
Bartonella henselae causes mainly | TR mode
cat scratch disease | from cat scratch or bite
62
Bartonella henselae SX
low grade fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, slef-limiting
63
Bartonella quinrana
trench fever
64
Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quinrana both cause what SX in (immunocompromized)
bacilliary angiomatosis = vessel proliferation = red papules or nudules on skin (immunocompromized)
65
Obligate intracellular bacteria 4 of them
1. Chlamydia 2. Rickettsia 3. Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) 4. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
66
rocky mountain spotted fever caused by
rickettsia , fever rash, thrombocytopenia
67
rocky mountain spotted fever with NO rash
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
68
Q fever from
Coxiella burnetti
69
Chlamydia Species classification toxin
gram -, obligate intracellular bacteria* reticulate body : steals ATP from host elementary body : infectious particle
70
Chlamydia Trachomatis | SX in neonatal
neonatal blindness
71
Chlamydia Trachomatis SX in adults
1. Non-gonococcal urethritis (dysuria, discharge, polyuria) 2. epididymitis 3. mucopurulent cervicitis ----> pelvic inflammatory disease
72
perihepatitis what is is other name or it
liver capsule inflammation, from pelvic inflammatory disease (chlamydia, gonorrhea) Fitz-Hugh- Curtis syndrome
73
Chlamydia Trachomatis can lead to what 5 diseases
1. Trachoma : chronic eye infection, thickened eyelid pulling eyelashes into eye 2. Neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis -> yellow discharge 3. Perihepatitis 4. Lymphogranulama venereum (L serotypes) 5. occasionally Reiters syndrome
74
Trachoma spreads by
flies
75
most common STI | most common bacterial STI
HPV | Chlamydia
76
most common cause of blindness
Chlamydia ---> Trachoma
77
Lymphogranulama venereum (L serotypes)
tender suppurative inguinal lympadenitis | caused by L serotypes
78
Mild atypical pneumonia | from what causing this
1. chlamydia pneumoniae | 2. Chlamydia psittaci = psittacosis (from BIRDS)
79
Mild atypical pneumonia SX
dry cough, low grade fever, patchy interstitial inflammatory changes = not seen in strep pneumoniae
80
Rickettsia species classification show what special feature TR mode
gram - coccobacili , obligate Weil-Felix test + = aggulation by OX ABs from bites like mites
81
Weil-Felix test + is seen in
Rickettsia (not Rickettsia akari) | Proteus
82
Rickettsia SX
fever rash thrombocytopenia - from endothelial damage
83
Rickettsia rickettsii SX
``` Rocky Mountain Spotten Fever 1. fever 2. centripetal rash (head, palms, soles getting less towards the middle of the body) 3. thrombocytopenia (central, SE USA) ```
84
Rickettsia rickettsii | TR mode
American dog tick
85
Rickettsia Akari SX
large blisters eschar at bite site, rash generalized Weil-Felix -
86
Rickettsia Akari TR mode
mite
87
R. tsutsugamushi TR mode from where
mite rodents, SE asia, Pacific = scrub typhus (headache, fever, rash)
88
R. prowazekii TR mode from where
louse from squirrles = epidemic typus (headache, fever, rash)
89
R. typhi TR mode from where
from flea | =Murine endemic typhus
90
Coxiella burnetti SX
Q fever 1. fever 2. atypical pneumonia
91
Coxiella burnetti classification TR mode colonization
gram - obligate spore in air or dust cattle, sheep, goats, (hide and birth products)
92
Human Ehrlichiosis : Ehrlichia chaffeensis TR mode SX
ticks like RMSF + NO RASH SE and Central USA
93
3 spirochetes
1. Treponema species (syphilis, gummas) 2. Borrelia species (lyme, relapsing fever) 3. Leptospira species (systemic)
94
Syphilis organism primary
Treponema pallidum painless chncre ulcer in genital or anal (3-6weeks)
95
Treponema pallidum TR mode
skin to skin
96
secondary Treponema pallidum
*after 6 weeks* Condyloma lata(warts), red rash (palms, soles) (6 -40 years)
97
rash on palms and soles can be what 3
1. Treponema pallidum in 2ndary 2. Steptococcus aureus in TSST 3. Rickettsia rickettsii in RMSF
98
tertiary Treponema pallidum
lesions of skin, bones, soft tissue, =GUMMATOUS lesions - thoracic aneurysm - neurosyphilis, meningitis, tabes dorsalis
99
Argyll Robinson pupil
seen in Treponema pallidum pupil constricts to focus on near objects however does not react to light
100
Treponema pallidum can effect what spinal cord part
dorsal posterior columns = low coordination, low vibratory or positional sense
101
Congenital syphilis
within 2 years mucous rhinitis = snuffles rash on palm and feet
102
later congenital syphilis
after 2 years tertiary syphilis sx cardiac, neural problems, deafness, bone and teeth involvement (bowing - saber shins, fanglike teeth- hutchison teeth)
103
Treponema pallidum testing is done how for screening
VDRL and RPR | no agar culturing
104
Treponema pallidum testing is done how for DX
FTA-ABS and PCR
105
Treponema endemicum
oral and skin lesions | africa, meddle east
106
Treponema PERTENUE
skin lesions = yaws | tropical
107
Treponema carateum
skin discoloration = pinta | latin america
108
``` Borrelia burgdorferi : lyme disease classify TR mode colonize where ```
spirochete blacklegged ticks (ixodes) deer and mice NW, midwest
109
lyme disease organism SX early localized
Borrelia burgodorferi 1. 7-14days after, Erythma migrans (bulls eye at bite) 2. flu like illness
110
lyme disease | SX early disseminated
``` NS involvement (bell's palsy) heart issues Joint pain - unilateral warm ```
111
lyme disease | late SX
chronic arthritis | Encephalopathy (X memory, somnolence)
112
Borrelia recurrentis causes from area
relapsing fever body louse western USA
113
Borrelia recurrentis SX
1. high fever, muscle ace, rash at times | 2. nothing then relapse after 8 days from Ag variation
114
Leptospira colonizes organism SX
urine of animals -> fresh water Borrelia high fever, 1 week no sx, meningitis = Weil Disease
115
Weil Disease
caused by Leptospira interrogans | systemic, multi-organ hemorrhagic disease
116
Mycobacterium (acid fast) 3 types
waxy cell wall 1. TB 2. lepre 3. avium complex (MAC)
117
Mycobacterium tuberculosis TR mode immunocompromized can see what
aerosolization person to person | get a lung TB that can live and reactivate when immune system gets depressed
118
Mycobacterium tuberculosis use what type of immune response | virulence factor
cell mediated, M to th1 to M* = necrotizing granulomata (also in leprosy) Mycosides : high TNF, Th1
119
Leprosy and defective T cell response
no killing of mycobacterium | - widespread disease = Lepromatous leprosy
120
Primary Tb | SX
Air TR ----> lungs *middle Fever, CP, Hilar lymphadenopathy large necrotic cavities, effusion healthy : asymptomatic (granulomas form)
121
Ghon complex
hilar lymphadenopathy | caseous necrosis
122
secondary Tb
months to years later low grade fever, night sweats, hemoptysis (endocarditis sx if no hemoptysis) *upper lobe - disseminate to arteries = miliar Tb
123
miliar tb
tb disseminated into arteries to any organ
124
Pott's disease
tb traveling to vertebra | perispinal abscess
125
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DX
TB skin test, INF-g release assay (blood)
126
Mycobacterium lepre causes
Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
127
Mycobacterium lepre TR mode areas found colonizes
prolonged contact from armqdillos developing countries, S USA starts effecting skin (cooler temperatures)
128
Mycobacterium lepre SX
thickened irregular skin folds lesions
129
Tuberculoid Leprosy immune response Sx
cell mediated (IFN-g, Th1) = granulomatous inflammation Localized skin lesions (ring shaped usually) (unilateral skin, nerves, hair involvement)
130
Lepromatous Leprosy immune response Sx
X T- cells = NO cell mediated response | = Disseminated disease, skin lesions all over body + organs (loss of digits, body disfiguration)
131
Maycobacterium avium (MAC) colonizes SX
water sources | low grade fever, atypical pneumonia, cough, fatigue, malaise
132
Maycobacterium avium (MAC) and HIV patients
high infection rate since they have low CD4 cells(<50) | = weight loss, D, Fever
133
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma bacteria are what type
how no cell wall just cell membrane bacteria
134
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | SX
1. Walking pneumonia : mild bronchitis and pneumonia 2. Atypical pneumonia 3. red leasions rash on hands to trunk (erythema multiforme)
135
Mycoplasma pneumoniae DX
``` cold agglutinins (IgM) , non-specific PCR/DNA probe ```
136
Mycoplasma genitalium SX
urethritis (dysuria, discharge) Cervicitis + PID PCR
137
Ureaplasma urealyticum SX
urethritis | PCR
138
atypical pneumonia is found in 4
1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 2. Coxiella burnetti 3. MAC 4. Chlamydia

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