Bacteria Information

Question 1

In hot tubs, what bacteria should you be cautious of?

Answer 1

MAC and Legionella

Question 2

MAC is a ______ disease that causes a _____ and has a ________ pattern

Answer 2

granulomatous disease

cough

restrictive

Question 3

Aspergillosis stains with what stain?

Answer 3

silver stain

Question 4

What type of bacteria is strep pneumo?

Answer 4

Gram POS diplocci (lancet shaped) in pairs and chains

Question 5

What type of bacteria is S. aurues?

Answer 5

Gram + cocci “cluster of grapes”

Question 6

What type of bacteria is Cornyebacterium diptheriae

Answer 6

Gram + bacilli/ROD, club-shaped

Question 7

What type of bacteria is Listeria

Answer 7

Gram + bacilli/ROD

Question 8

What is a gram + rod that causes disease of the URT?

Answer 8

Cornyebacterium Diptheriae

Question 9

Name gram NEG rods

Answer 9

1. Klebsiella

2. Pseudonomas

3. H. Influenza

4. Legionella

5. Bartonella

Question 10

Gram Indeterminate

Answer 10

1. Chlamydia
2. Indeterminate

Question 11

What is the gram stain and shape of Bordatella pertussis?

Answer 11

Gram negative bacillus/rod

Question 12

Who gets lung abcesses?

Answer 12

• Complication of pneumonia d/t S. aureus and K. pneumoniae (both cause lobar pneumo)
• Ppl who aspirate: Chronic alcoholics, elderly ppl who have had stroke, d/t anaerobic bacteria

Question 13

what anaerobic bacteria cause aspiration

Answer 13

1. - Bacteroides fragilis
2. - Prevotella
3. - Fusobacterium
4. - Peptostreptococcus

Question 14

What funguses cause Chronic pneumonia (immunocompete, may/may LN, granulomatous inflamm)?

Answer 14

1. Histoplasma

2. Blastomycosis

3. Coccidiomycosis

Question 15

Thin-walled yeast w/ “pumpkin seed” morphology

Answer 15

Histoplasma

Question 16

- Round w/ BROAD-BASED BUDDING

- THICK, double-contoured cell-wall

Answer 16

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 17

Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneo im immunocompromised.

List 3 diffuse pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?

Answer 17

1. - CMV
2. - Pneumocystis jiroveci
3. - Drug rxn

Question 18

Opportunistic infections rarely cause infections in NL hosts, but can cause lifethreatening pneumo im immunocompromised.

List 5 common focal pulmonary infiltrates that can cause pneumonia in an immunocompromised person?

Answer 18

1. - Gram-negative bacterial infections
2. - S. aureus
3. - Aspergillus
4. - Candida
5. - Malignancy

Question 19

What is the most common opportunistic infection of AIDS patients, which causes pulmonary problems?

Answer 19

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 20

What is most likely seen on CXR of pt with HIV infected with Pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 20

Diffuse BILATERAL interstitial infiltrates

• Can also be focal or show nothing!

Question 21

Cup-shaped yeast forms

Answer 21

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 22

What is the hallmark finding of MAC infections in patients with immunosuppressed (i.e., HIV, elderly, transplant); morphology of the organism?

Answer 22

• shit ton of ACID-FAST bacilli/rods INSIDE macrophages
• Thin mycobacteria seen as slender red forms

Question 23

Which type of organism is the most common cause of pulmonary infection in the early post-transplant period (first few weeks)?

Answer 23

bacteria

Question 24

On XR, what do you see in pts with

CMV

Pneumoncystis jvirocci

Drugs

Answer 24

Diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrates (can be focal or nothin)

Question 25

On **_XR_**, what do you see in pts with 1. **Gram - rods** 2. **S. aeurus** 3. **Aspergillus** 4. **Malignancy** 5. **Candida**

Answer 25

**_Focal bilateral infiltrates_**

Question 26

What type of bacteria ## Footnote **Klebsiella**

Answer 26

**gram - rod**

Question 27

What type of bacteria ## Footnote **Legionella**

Answer 27

**Gram neg rod**

Question 28

What type of bacteria Pseudomas

Answer 28

**Gram - rod**

Question 29

What type of bacteria H. influenza

Answer 29

***Gram - rod***

Question 30

What is the most common cause of **gram-negative bacterial pneumonia** and who does it most commonly affect?

Answer 30

**Klebsiella pneumoniae** - Debilitated and malnourished people, particularly **chronic alcoholics**

Question 31

**Pseudomonas aeruginosa** is a common cause of pneumonia in whom and in what setting?

Answer 31

* **-CF and immunocompromised** * **- Hospital-acquired**

Question 32

What are the most common cause of **PNEUMONIA** in **NEONATES**?

Answer 32

Bacterial pneumonias from mom * 1. Group B strep * 2. Gram (-) bacilli/rod * 3. Listerialis

Question 33

how can you differentitate between **bacterial** and **viral pneumonia?**

Answer 33

1. Look at the type of inflammtion: **bacterial** will have **intralveolar neutrophillic inflammation**; **viral** will have **interstitial lymphocytic inflammation** **2. High CRP and procalcitonin =\> bacterial** **3. Onset: bacterial is abrupt; viral is gradual** **4. Fever: bacteria has high fever; viral has no** **5. Bacteria: lobar** infiltrates**; viral; diffuse** infiltrates 6. Sounds: bacteria will have crackles d/t parenchyma and viral awill have wheezing bc respiratory involvement

Question 34

What are 4 major **bacterial** causes of pneumonia in children **\>1 month?**

Answer 34

* **1. Strep pneumonia** * **2. Staph aeures** * **3. H influenza** * **4. M. catarrhalis**