Bacteria L2

Question 1

Describe the method of bacterial replication:

Answer 1

REPRODUCE BY BINARY FISSION
1) cell elongates and DNA is replicated

2) cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide causing a new cell wall to grow inward
3) cross wall forms completely around divided DNA – nuclear material distributed
4) cells separate and cells membrane constricts

Question 2

Types of media for growth for bacteria:

Answer 2

1) liquid (broth) or semisolid media (agar plate)
2) basal media
3) selective media
4) differential media
5) enrichment bacteria

Question 3

bacterias that are hard to grow so additional growth factors have been added

Answer 3

enrichment bacteria

Question 4

allows for growth of more than one micro organism but with morphologically distinguishable colonies

Answer 4

differential media

Question 5

encouraged to grow the things we want to see but suppress the the growth of other things

Answer 5

selective media

Question 6

boiled meat or veggie proteins

Answer 6

basal media

Question 7

grow only in the presence of air or free oxygen

Answer 7

obligate or strict aerobes

Question 8

require low concentration of oxygen (2-10%) for growth but high concentrations are inhibitory

Answer 8

microaerobic

Question 9

grow only in the absence of oxygen

Answer 9

obligate anaerobes

Question 10

cannot use oxygen to transform energy but can grow in its presence

Answer 10

aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 11

grow with or without oxygen but generally better with oxygen

Answer 11

facultative anaerobes

^^see this one the most in vet clinics^^

Question 12

cold loving bacteria -5 to +15 degrees C

Answer 12

Psychrophiles

Question 13

grow best at moderate temperatures 25C - 45C

Answer 13

Mesophiles

Question 14

heat loving bacteria 45C - 70C

Answer 14

Thermophiles

Question 15

Grow at very high temperatures 70C-110C

Answer 15

hyperthermophiles

Question 16

grow best at pH range 5-8 (vaginal mucosa)

Answer 16

Neurophiles

Question 17

grow best at pH below 5.5 (around the stomach)

Answer 17

acidophiles

Question 18

grow best at pH above 8.5 (eye ducts)

Answer 18

allaliphiles

Question 19

List the 4 types of bacterial toxins

Answer 19

1) exotoxins
2) endotoxins
3) enterotoxins
4) hydrolytic enzymes

Question 20

protein toxins usually secreted from a living bacterium but also released upon bacterial lysis

Answer 20

exotoxins

Question 21

can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism

Answer 21

exotoxins

Question 22

highly potent

Answer 22

exotoxins

Question 23

Cell wall of gram negatives

Answer 23

endotoxins

Question 24

lipid A has most biological activity

Answer 24

endotoxins

Question 25

host cell death or damage

Answer 25

enterotoxins

Question 26

a number of bacteria produce exotoxins that bind to the cells of the small intestine causing loss of electrolytes and water that results in diarrhea

Answer 26

enterotoxins

Question 27

enzymes that start to separate your skin; flesh eating bacteria

Answer 27

hydrolytic enzymes

Question 28

destroys RBC membrane, cellular proteins, DNA, and fibrin

Answer 28

hydrolytic enzymes

Question 29

bacteria that can exist without a cell wall

Answer 29

protoplasts

Question 30

can be created with antibiotic and enzyme lysozyme

Answer 30

protoplasts

Question 31

removing agent can allow reversion back to original state as bacteria

Answer 31

protoplasts

Question 32

the smallest free living organisms that we know

Answer 32

mycoplasmas

Question 33

mycoplasmas have or don't have a true cell wall?

Answer 33

DO NOT have a true cell wall

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: mycoplasmas only have a cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

Mycoplasmas have a ____internal structure

Answer 35

prokaryotic

Question 36

What is considered one of the more pathogenic species of mycoplasmas?

Answer 36

Mycoplasma Bovis

Question 37

Describe the acid-fast cell wall:

Answer 37

unique cell wall which resists decolorization with acid-alcohol and stain red whereas all other bacteria will be stained blue

Question 38

What makes the bacteria resistant to penetration by ordinary dyes?

Answer 38

The high lipid content of the cell wall makes the bacteria resistant to penetration by ordinary dyes and relatively impermeable to nutrients and chemical agents.

Question 39

A waxy lipid called mycolic acid makes up about 60% of the wall. The cell wall also consists of peptidoglycan, glycolipids and arabinogalactan.

Answer 39

acid-fast cell wall

Question 40

posses a thin cell wall resembling gram negative bacteria

Answer 40

***intracellular bacteria

Question 41

requires complex nutrients from host cell as cannot grow on artificial media

Answer 41

***intracellular bacteria

Question 42

how does intracellular bacteria multiply?

Answer 42

multiplies by binary fission

Question 43

The organisms grow slowly and more resistant to chemical agents and lysosomal components of phagocytes than most bacteria

Answer 43

acid-fast cell wall

Question 44

intracellular bacteria contain muramic acid but no ___ acid

Answer 44

teichoic

Question 45

Examples of Intracellular Bacteria:

Answer 45

- Typhus - Q fever - Chlamydiae