Bacteria List

Question 1

Staphylococcus aures

Type

Coagulase

Causes

Resistant

Answer 1

G+ve cocci, grapes

Coagulase positive

Abcess, carbuncle, mastitis puerperalis, osteomyelitis (haematogenic), wound infections, impetigo, pneumonia, bacteraemia, septicaemia, endocarditis. Makes toxins causing enterocolitis, scalded skin syndrome.

MRSA

Question 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Type

Catalase

Causes

Resistant

Answer 2

G+ve cocci, chains, capsulated

Catalase negative

Lobar and broncho pneumonia, otitis media, septicaemia, meningitis

Usually to simple penicillina like V and G. Vaccines available

Question 3

Streptococcus pyrogenes (Group A)

Type

Causes

Answer 3

G-ve, coccus

Sore throats, cellulitis, impetigo, puerperal fever, septicaemia. Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis etc.

Question 4

Neisseria meningitidis

Type

Causes

Spread by

Vaccines?

Answer 4

G-ve cocci, the meningococcus, polysaccharide capsule

Septicaemia, meningitis

Respiratory droplets, kissing

Yes

Question 5

Neisseria gonnorrhoeae

Type

Causes

Spread by

Spread prevented by

Answer 5

G-ve cocci, the gonococcus

Gonorrhoea

Sexual intercourse

Abstinence, condoms (no vaccine)

Question 6

Clostridium tetani

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Answer 6

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

If gets into wounds -> tetanus (relentless nerve stimulation)

Yes

Question 7

Clostridium botulinum

Type

Causes

Answer 7

G+ve rod, anaerobic

Food poisoning, paralysis

Question 8

Clostridium difficile

Type

Causes

Answer 8

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

Toxin-mediated colitis

Question 9

Clostridium perfringens

Type

Causes

Answer 9

Gram +ve rod, anaerobic, in soil

Gas gangrene via toins, food poisoning

Question 10

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Answer 10

Gram +ve rod

Diptheria: toxins cause nerve and muscle death, cardiotoxicity.

Yes (DTP)

Question 11

Listeria monocytogenes

Type

Causes

Answer 11

Gram +ve rod, in unpasterurised cheese

Septicaemia, meningitis, foetal loss

Question 12

Mycobacteria tuberculosis/bovis

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Prevention?

Treatment

Answer 12

Gram +ve rod, mycolic acid in CW, slow growing, Ziehl-Neelsen stains

TB (initially in lungs - respiratory droplet spread, or in pharynx and gut - infected milk), granuloma.

Yes, live attenuated

Pasteurise milk, test cattle, kill badgers.

Special prolonged courses of combinations of antimicrobials. Drug resistance. TB increases with AIDS.

Question 13

Escherichia coli

Type

Causes

Answer 13

Gram -ve rods, enterobacteria, commensual living in gut

UTI, septicaemia. Enteritis (pathogenic strains)

Question 14

Salmonella typhi

Type

Causes

Answer 14

Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen. faecal-oral spread (contamination)

Typhoid fever

Question 15

Shigella dysenteriae

Type

Causes

Answer 15

Gram -ve rod, enterobacteria, obligate pathogen, faecal-oral spread

Bacillary dysentery. (Other spp causes enteritis)

Question 16

Pavobacteria

Type

Answer 16

Gram -ve rods, sometimes so short = cocci

Question 17

Haemophilius influenzae

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Answer 17

Gram -ve rod, strain b is capsulated

Lower and upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, epiglottitis, meningitis

Yes

Question 18

Brucella spp

Type

Causes

Eradication

Answer 18

Gram -ve rod, zoonosis (cattle, sheep, goats)

Brucellosis: intermittent septicaemia with granulomata in various organs

Pasteurise milk, eliminate from farm animals

Question 19

Bordatella pertussis

Type

Causes

Vaccine?

Answer 19

Gram -ve rod, droplet spread

Whooping cough, brochitis, bronchopneumonia

Yes (DTP)

Question 20

Legionella pneumophila

Type

Causes

Prevention

Answer 20

Gram -ve rod, spread indirect airbourne e.g. aircon

Legionaire’s disease: atypical pneumonia, spread throughout body. Fever, SoB

Ensure water that is to become aerosol is kept sterile

Question 21

Rikettsia prowazeki

Type

Causes

Answer 21

Gram -ve pleomorphic, carried by lice

Epidemic typhus: high fever, purpuric rash, headache, photophobia, cough, severe myalgia, shock, death

Question 22

Rikettsia rickettssi

Type

Causes

Answer 22

Gram -ve pleomorphic, transmitted by ticks

Rocky mountain spotty fever

Question 23

Mycoplasma

Defining feature?

Causes?

Answer 23

No cell wall so not susceptible to beta lactams or glycopeptides.

Respiratory infections: atypcal pneumonia

Question 24

Treponema pallidum

Type

Causes

Transmission?

Answer 24

Spirochaete, modified flagella

Syphilis. 2⁰ manifestations: fevers, skin lesions. Long term aortic aneurism, neurological pathology.

Sexual. Vertical: congenital infection, stillbirth

Question 25

**Borrelia bergdorferi** Type and transmitted by Causes

Answer 25

**Spirochaete**, modified flagella, transmitted by **ticks** **Lyme disease**, rash, fevers, malaise, longterm neurological/rheumatological sequelae.

Question 26

**Leptospira** spp Type Causes Transmitted by

Answer 26

**Spirochaete**, modified flagella **Weil's disease**, fever, jaundice, renal failure, death Ingesting water contaminated by rats' urine (**zoonosis**)

Question 27

**Chlamydia** 2 forms Replication conditions Causes Spread by

Answer 27

**Extracellular** and **intracellular.** Has to infect cells but has seperate ribosomes and is **walled off in cytoplasm**. **Genital infection**, pelvic inflamamtory disease, infertility, vertical spread, some spp cause trachoma (causes blindness) **Direct** touch