Bacteria Quiz Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Enterococcus Faecalis
A
G + cocci, chains
Part of normal flora but highly virulent
Most predominant nosocomial acquired pathogen; UTIs, endocarditis, wounds, etc
Antibiotic resistance
2
Q
Staphylococcus epidermidis
A
- G + cocci, clustered
- skin flora
- can cause infection in immunocompromised patients; generally hospital-acquired
- produces BIOFILMS that grown on plastic devices w/in the body
3
Q
Trichomonas vaginalis
A
- protozoa with tail
- sexually transmitted
- lower GU tract, urethra
- frothy, greenish discharge
- malodorous smell
- strawberry cervix
4
Q
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A
- G - rods, encapsulated
- found in human intestine, stool, skin, pharynx
- healthy people typically not affected
- nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, would/surg site infections, meningitis, UTIs
5
Q
Treponema pallidum
A
- G - spirochete
- SYPHILIS; sexually transmitted
- chancer sore, skin rash, latent phase, muscular paralysis, blindness, death
6
Q
Gardnerella vaginalis
A
- variable gram stain, coccobacilli
- causes BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
- gray frothy vaginal discharge, fishy odor
- ph > 4.5
- clue cells
7
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A
- G+ diplococcus
- pneumonia, wound infections, meningitis, septicemia, otitis media
- c-reactive protein
8
Q
Borrelia burgdorferi
A
- LYME DISEASE
- spirochete, G variable
- fever, HA, fatigue and “bulls-eye” rash
9
Q
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A
- Spaghetti-like strands
- droplet
- “walking pneumonia”
- most common cause of CAP
- pneum sx and erythema multiforme
10
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
- G+ bacilli (tennis racket), spore
- Tetanospasmin: impairs motor neuron action; muscle stiffness and spasm
- rigid smile, dysphagia, stiffness, lock-jaw
- Caused by penetrating wounds, GSW, MVA, surgical wound, animal bites
11
Q
Escherichia coli
A
- G - bacillus
- stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting
- outbreaks occur in food sources in US
12
Q
Bartonella henselae
A
- G- rods, slightly curved & in clumps
- CAT SCRATCH FEVER
- fever, papules or pustules, enlarged lymph node, bacillary angiomatosis
- usually resolves on its own
13
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A
- G+ rod
- cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, chest pain
- “ACT NOW”
- not as prevalent in US
14
Q
Peptostreptococcus species
A
- G+ cocci, strings or clumps
- part of normal flora
- suppuration, thrombophlebitis, abscesses, gangrenous destruction
- “piggybacking” organism
15
Q
Streptococcus pyogenes
A
- G+ cocci in chains
- pharyngitis and cellulitis (pus-producing)
- rheumatic fever & accute glomerulonephritis (immunologic)
- P is for pyogenes, pus, prisoner, positive
16
Q
Mycobacterium avium
A
- G variable rod
- atypical nontuberculosis mycobacteria (difficult to tell diff b/w this and TB)
- risk factors: COPD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, CF, lung cancer
- “hot-tub lung” (aerosolized water, bathrooms, dust, soil, birds and farm animals, cigarette components)
- lymphadenitis in children
- Lady Windermere syndrome: suppression of cough in otherwise healthy, thin, elderly women
17
Q
Staphylococcus aureus
A
- G+ cocci clusters
- skin infections, cellulitis, sinusitis, food poisoning
- Nasal passages
- cultures yellow
18
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis
A
- G-
- most frequent reported STD in US
- most asymptomatic; discharge, bleeding, dysuria, abd pain, infertility
19
Q
Listeria monocytogenes
A
- G+
- causes foodborne disease called listeriosis
- meningitis, encephalitis
- may mimic a stroke
20
Q
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
A
- G- cocci
- atypical pneumonia/ “walking pneumonia”
- most common in school-age children
- symptoms vary
21
Q
Shigella Dysenteriae
A
- G- rods
- rare in US
- fecal-oral
- Dysentery: bloody, mucoid stools, diarrhea, tenesmus
- can take months for bowels to return to normal
22
Q
Neisseria meningitidis
A
- G - diplococci, kidney or coffee bean shape
- at any given time 10-20% of US population carries it in their throat
- causes meningitis
- stiff neck, skin rash, fever, headache, N/V
23
Q
Giardia lamblia
A
- parasite, multinucleated, w/ or w/o flagella
- symptoms appear 1-3 wks after infection
- eating/drinking contaminated water/food, traveling to a place where it is common
- Giardia - diarrhea, abd cramping, etc
24
Q
Haemophilus influenzae
A
- G - coccobacilli
- 6 types
- pneumonia, NOT flu
- bacteremia, meningitis, epiglotitis, cellulitis, infectious arthritis, etc, etc
25
Brucella
- G - coccobacillus
- 2-4 week latent period before symptoms; usually comes from cattle, sheep, pig and dog fluids or food products (unpasteurized cheese)
- barn dust
- "highly weaponizable"
- undulating fever, headaches, night sweats, fatigue, anorexia
- epididymoorchitis, liver sbcesses, endocarditis (most frequent COD), neurobrucellosis
- Brucella sounds like she works on a farm
26
Streptococcus agalactiae
- G + cocci, chains
- Group B strep
- naturally colonized in GI and GU tracts
- newborns and neonates; sepsis, meningitis,
- expectant mothers screened
- more prev in pations with diabetes, CHF, hx of cancer, obesity, cardio diseases, etc
27
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- G - diplococci
- sexually transmitted, vaginal delivery (conjunctivitis, blindness in newbs)
- antigen detection test, NAATs
- Men: dysuria, thick white yellow or green discharge, epididymitis
- Women: dysuria, smelly vaginal discharge, lower abd pain, spotting, may be mistaken or UTI
- can lead to PID, infertility
28
Helicobactor pylori
- G - rods
| - stomach ulcer; burning abd pain, black stools, possible emesis
29
Pasteurella multocida
- G - bacilli
- normal resp flora of livestock and pets
- soft tissue infx from bite or scratch
- cellulitis, high leukocytes and neutrophils, swollen lymph nodes
- septic arthritis, meningitis
30
Clostridium difficile
- G + rod
- causes colitis, watery diarrhea, FOUL SMELLING, frequent bowel movements, fever, loss of appetite
- very contagious, nosocomial infx; pts on antibiotics, elderly, hospitalized
31
Rickettsia rickettsi
- G -
- found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, mammals
- tick bite
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Rickettsialpox, other spotted fevers
32
Salmonella typhimuriam
- G - rod w/ flagella
- Typhoid fever: weakness, stomach pains, sustained fever, HA, loss of appetite, rose colored rash spots
- infected water! fecal/oral, food, travel to foreign countries
33
Campylobacter jejuni
- G - rod, flagellum, curved
- Campylobacteriosis
- 3rd leading bacterial cuase of foodborne illness in US
- fever, diarrhea, vom, abd pn, bloody stool
34
Legionella pneumophilia
- G - flagellated
- stagnant water and soil
- Legionnaires' disease: severe form of pneumonia
- elderly, smokers
35
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- G - bacilus, flagella
- leading cause of nosocomial infx worldwide
- imunocompromised, CF, burns
- blue-green pus, smells like grapes
- swimmer's ear, nail infx, corneal keratitis
36
Bordetella pertussis
- G -
| - whooping cough, barky cough
37
Cornyebacterium diptherium
- G + bacillus
- pharyngitis; bluish-white patch on tonsils/soft palate, progresses to green/black
- bullneck appearance, lymphadenopathy, palor, stupor, tachy, coma
- cutaneous dip in homeless
- chinese letter bacteria
38
Moraxella catarrhalis
- G - diplococci
- nasopharynx
- otitis media in children
- lower respt tract infection in COPD adults
- hockey puck sign in culfture grown
39
Yersinia pestis
- G - coccobacillus, safety pin
- PNEUMONIC, SEPTICEMIC, BUBONIC PLAGUE
- flea bites (bubonic, septicemic), sick contact (pneumonic)
40
Lactobacillus acidophilus
- G + rod
- Naturally occurs in mouth, GI tract, vagina
- "probiotic bacteria"
- commonly used to restore flora in hte gut after use of antibiotics, treat vaginal infections
