Bacterial A & P

Question 1

6 major bacteria shapes

Answer 1

coccus

coccobacillus

bacillus

vibrio

spirillium

spirochete

Question 2

spherical shape

Answer 2

coccus

Question 3

semispherical shape

Answer 3

coccobacillus

Question 4

cylindrical shape

Answer 4

bacillus

Question 5

sausage shaped

Answer 5

vibrio

Question 6

wavy shape

Answer 6

spirillium

Question 7

corkscrew shape

Answer 7

spirochete

Question 8

innermost cell layer (membrane)

Answer 8

cytoplasmic membrane/cell envelope

Question 9

cytoplasmic membrane composed of…

Answer 9

phospholipid bilayer

Question 10

function of cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 10

electron transport chain site

Question 11

cell walls contain __________; unique to bacteria

Answer 11

peptidoglycan

Question 12

gram + and gram - are distinguished based on ____ ____ anatomy

Answer 12

cell wall

Question 13

Gram __ is pink

Gram __ is purple

Answer 13

negative is pink

positive is purple

Question 14

gram + walls have a ______ PG layer and contain…

Answer 14

thick

teichoic acid

Question 15

teichoic acid is necessary in…

Answer 15

wall construction & cell division

Question 16

teichoic acid & thick PG layer present in gram __ walls

Answer 16

positive

Question 17

gram - cell walls have a _____ PG layer

Answer 17

thin

Question 18

gram __ cell walls have an outer membrane over the PG layer

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

the gram - cell wall’s outer membrane is composed of _____________, which is composed of _________ and _________

Answer 19

lipopolysaccharide

Lipid A

O antigen

Question 20

Lipid A is a…

Answer 20

toxin

Question 21

O antigen helps us…

Answer 21

determine strain of bacteria

Question 22

gel like material between outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane in gram - cell walls

Answer 22

periplasm

Question 23

other possible outer cell layers

Answer 23

capsule & slime layer

Question 24

function of capsule and slime layer

Answer 24

help bacteria form biofilms

Question 25

capsule and slime layer are composed of...

Answer 25

glycocalyx polypeptides

Question 26

what is a biofilm?

Answer 26

structure/environment where cells live together

Question 27

3 outer cell structures

Answer 27

flagella pili fimbriae

Question 28

function of flagella

Answer 28

motility

Question 29

flagella are found in _______ cells

Answer 29

*Bacillus*

Question 30

bacteria move in a _________ movement

Answer 30

run and tumble

Question 31

4 flagellar arrangements

Answer 31

monotrichous lophotrichous amphitrichous peritrichous

Question 32

monotrichous arrangement

Answer 32

one flagellum

Question 33

lophotrichous arrangement

Answer 33

multiple flagella on one end

Question 34

amphitrichous arrangement

Answer 34

one flagellum on each end

Question 35

peritrichous arrangement

Answer 35

multiple flagella all around cell

Question 36

function of pili

Answer 36

connection with other cells

Question 37

a pilus connecting two cells

Answer 37

conjugated pilus

Question 38

\_\_\_\_ are used for movement to a lesser extent

Answer 38

pili

Question 39

function of fimbriae

Answer 39

surface attachment

Question 40

concentrated mass of DNA in cytoplasm

Answer 40

nucleoid

Question 41

what are plasmids?

Answer 41

small circular structures of supercoiled DNA in cytoplasm

Question 42

plasmids code for...

Answer 42

enzymes, toxins, antibiotic resistance

Question 43

function of storage granules

Answer 43

energy storage

Question 44

function of gas vesicles

Answer 44

buoyancy in a liquid medium

Question 45

genera which produce endospores

Answer 45

* Bacillus* * Clostridium*

Question 46

what is an endospore?

Answer 46

tough, nonreproductive structure created when vegetative cell is starved of essential nutrients

Question 47

deficiency of these nutrients can cause sporulation

Answer 47

Carbon Nitrogen Water

Question 48

process by which an endospore is formed

Answer 48

sporulation

Question 49

first steps of sporulation

Answer 49

cell reduces its size and concentrates its DNA

Question 50

second step of sporulation

Answer 50

a thick outer crust is formed

Question 51

purpose of endospore

Answer 51

for a cell to remain viable in unfavorable conditions until conditions become favorable again

Question 52

endospores can be destroyed by high...

Answer 52

heat and pressure

Question 53

an active cell

Answer 53

vegetative

Question 54

function of ribosomes

Answer 54

site of protein translation

Question 55

bacteria have ___ ribosomes

Answer 55

70s

Question 56

"70" in 70s refers to...

Answer 56

rate of sedimentation in a centrifuge

Question 57

large subunit: \_\_s small subunit: \_\_s

Answer 57

50s 30s

Question 58

explain endosymbiosis

Answer 58

larger prokaryotic ancestors of eukaryotes engulfed smallar prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts they developed a symbiotic relationship, with the smaller cell producing energy for the larger one over time the smaller cells became mitochondria & chloroplasts

Question 59

endosymbiosis allowed larger prokaryote to _______ and become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 59

diversify eukaryotic

Question 60

3 evidences of endosymbiotic theory

Answer 60

mitochondria have 70s ribosomes, like bacteria; eukaryotes have 80s mitochondria contain 2 membranes, and inner membrane is the site of electron transport chain, like bacteria mitochondrial DNA is in circular formation, like bacteria

Question 61

two mitochondrial membranes and origins

Answer 61

cristae - inner - originally cytoplasmic membrane of smaller prokaryote outer membrane - came from larger prokaryote that engulfed the smaller

Question 62

mitochondrial DNA is passed down _______ because...

Answer 62

maternally the egg contributes mitochondria to the zygote, but the sperm does not

Question 63

process of bacterial growth

Answer 63

binary fission

Question 64

time it take for binary fission to occur

Answer 64

generation time

Question 65

average generation time

Answer 65

20 minutes