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Microbiology > Bacterial and Viral Vaccines > Flashcards

Bacterial and Viral Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the fist person to use cowpox to vaccinate against smallpox?

A

Benjamin Jesty

Then Edward Jenner

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2
Q

What is the goal of immunisation?

A

Ability go the body to protect itself from infection

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3
Q

Which the most contagious virus?

A

Measles

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4
Q

What is the burden fo disease?

A

The number of people that one sick person will infect (on average)

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5
Q

What is herd immunity? What is herd immunity threshold?

A

-

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6
Q

What are the types of immunity? Which do vaccines form part of?

A

-

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7
Q

How does an immune response take place in vaccines?

A

+ Neutalise vaccine antigen

+ Production of memory t and B cells

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8
Q

What are protective antigens?

A

-

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9
Q

Describe inactivated vaccines. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

-

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10
Q

When should live vaccines be avoided?

A
  • Patient is receiving high dose steroids

- Patient has received immunoglobulins in the past 3 months.

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11
Q

What are attenuated vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

-

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12
Q

What are toxoid vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

-

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13
Q

What are subunit vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

Often need boosting

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14
Q

What are conjugate vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

Can induce long-term protection

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15
Q

What are herotypic vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

-

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16
Q

What are viral vectored vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

Good immune response

If previously had it - may not work

17
Q

What are nucleic acid vaccines? Give examples. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

Quite unstable - tricky and expensive

No DNA vaccines

18
Q

What are monovalent and multivalent vaccines?

A

-A monovalent vaccine is designed to immunize against a single antigen or single microorganism. A multivalent or polyvalent vaccine is designed to immunize against two or more strains of the same microorganism, or against two or more microorganisms.

19
Q

What are common components of vaccines? Why are they important?

A

-

20
Q

What are the determinants of primary vaccine antibody response?

A

-

21
Q

What are the barriers to vaccination?

A
  • Access

- Anti-vaccination

22
Q

What are the pre-requisites of disease eradication?

A

-

23
Q

What are side effects to the covid vaccine?

A

-

Microbiology (19 decks)

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