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Fundamentals of Microbiology (Y2,S1) > Bacterial Cell Structures > Flashcards

Bacterial Cell Structures Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic:
Cell division

A
  • P= direct cell division by binary fission
  • E= mitotic cell division (more complex)
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2
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic: Ribosomes

A
  • P= 70S ribosomes
  • E= 80S ribosomes
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3
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic: Chromosomes

A
  • P= single chromsome w/o a nuclear membrane
  • E= many linear chromosomes enclosed in nuclear membrane
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4
Q

What are spherical bact called

A

Coccus

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5
Q

What are rod shaped bact called

A

Bacillus

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6
Q

What are the rod like, curved bact called

A

Spirillum

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7
Q

What are the v long & thin bact called

A

Filamentous

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8
Q

Whats a “curvier” spirillum bact called

A

Spirochete

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9
Q

Outer structures of typical bacterial cell (6)

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Cell wall
  3. LPS
  4. Flagella
  5. Pilli
  6. Fimbriae
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10
Q

Inner structures of typical bacterial cell (6)

A
  1. Nucleoid
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Endospore
  4. Storage granules
  5. Magnetosomes
  6. Crystalline inclusions
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11
Q

What is it referred to if the glycocalyx is attched to cell & forms rigid layers

A

Capsule

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12
Q

What is it referred to if the glycocalyx is not attched to cell & is easily deformed

A

Slime layer

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13
Q

What is the capsule

A

Polysaccharide material lying o/s the cell

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14
Q

Do gram pos bact have thick/thin peptidoglycan

A

THICK!!!!

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15
Q

Do gram neg bact have thick/thin peptidoglycan layer

A

thin!

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16
Q

What is the lipopolysaccharide of gram neg bact composed of

A
  • Lipid A (toxin)
  • Core oligosaccharide
  • O Antigen
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17
Q

What are flagella

A

Long thin structures made of protein subunits called flagellin

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18
Q

What is it called when a bact has one flagellum on one side

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A

Polar monotrichous

19
Q

What is it called when a bact has many flagellum on one side

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A

Polar lophotrichous

20
Q

What is it called when a bact has flagellum all over it

21
Q

What do Spirochetes have to enable corkscrew motility

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A

Axial filaments which are encased within outer membrane

22
Q

What are fimbriae and what are they made of

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A
  • Bristle like fibres on cell surface
  • Made of protein
23
Q

FUnction of fimbriae

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A

To adhere to surfaces

24
Q

Are pili or fimbriae longer

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A

Pili are longer

25
Functions of pili
1. Attachment to tissues 2. Motility 3. DNA transfer in some bacteria
26
How does twitching motility work
* Extension of pili * Attachment to a surface * Retraction * Uses a motor for extension/retraction
27
How are pili used for DNA transfer
* Pilus makes contact w recipient cell * Pulls cells together * DNA transfer occuurs
28
What is the bacterial chromosome like
Singular, circular, double stranded DNA molecule
29
How is all the DNA packed into the nucleoid
By supercoiling
30
What is supercoiling done by
Enzymes called gyrases & topoisomerases
31
What are plasmids
Circular, double stranded pieces of DNA which replicate seperately from chromosomal DNA
32
Is the DNA in the plasmid essential for bacrterial survival
No, but its advantageous to have
33
Plasmid functions
1. Antibiotic resistance 2. DNA transfer between bacteria 3. Synthesis of toxins that kill other bact 4. Have enzymes for metabolism of unusual molecules - advantage
34
Ribosome function
Translate mRNA to protein
35
How can ribosomes be used to identify bact
As they contain variable v regions which vary per organism
36
Function of storage granules
1. Energy storage 2. Structural building blocks 3. Used when environmental sources are depleted
37
what are magnetosomes
Intracellular inclusions of the iron mineral magnetite
38
Function of megnetosomes
Enables bact to orient themselves & migrate along geomagnetic field lines
39
What are gas vesicles
Small gas filled structures made of protein
40
Function of gas vesicles
Confer bouyancy of cells (bact can position themselves in the water for optimum light harvesting)
41
What are crystalline inclusions & function
They are a type of storage granule. Produce toxins.
42
What are endospores
Inert, resting cells
43
What is endospore formation triggered by
Environmental stress * Nutrient starvation * Extreme temp change
44
Steps in Endospore Formation
* STAGE 1: Bacteria in unfavourable conditions * STAGE 2: Asymmetric cell division * Pre spore forms, septum between pre spore and mother cell * STAGE 3: Engulfment * Mother cell engulfs pre spore * STAGE 4: Cortex * Cortex forms, surrounded by cell membrane & wall * STAGE 5: Spore coat * Coat forms around spore * STAGE 5 & 6: Maturation of spore & cell lysis * Cell lyses & free endospore released * STAGE 7: Germination * When environment becomes favourable

Fundamentals of Microbiology (Y2,S1) (9 decks)

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