Bacterial, fungal + viral infections

Question 1

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor for bacterial infections

Answer 1

Amoxicillin (beta-lactam)

Question 2

Amoxicillan MOA/adverse effects

Answer 2

• cell wall synthesis inhibitor via inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 3

Cell membrane synthesis inhibitor for bacterial infections

Answer 3

Polymyxins
- vancomycin
- roxithromycin

Question 4

Vancomycin/roxithromycin MOA/adverse effects

Answer 4

• cell membrane synthesis inhibitors via inhibiting synthesis of phospholipid bilayer
• unfavourable selective toxicity in humans as cell membranes also made out of phospholipids

Question 5

Protein synthesis inhibitors for bacterial infection

Answer 5

Doxycycline (tetracycline)
Gentamicin (aminoglycoside)

Question 6

Doxycycline + gentamicin MOA/adverse effects

Answer 6

• inhibits protein synthesis via targeting 30s ribosome subunits
• gentamicin has ototoxicity + nephrotoxicity

Question 7

Metabolite synthesis inhibitors for bacterial infections

Answer 7

• sulfamethoxazole
• trimethoprim

Question 8

Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim MOA/adverse effects

Answer 8

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (pathway to produce DNA/RNA)

Question 9

DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor for bacterial infection

Answer 9

Ciprofloxacin (fluroquinolone)

Question 10

Ciprofloxacin MOA/adverse effects

Answer 10

Inhibits DNA gyrase or topoisomerase

• tendonitis

Question 11

Cell membrane synthesis inhibitors for fungal infections

Answer 11

Terbinafine (allylamine)
Clotrimazole (imidazole)
Fluconazole (imidazole)

Question 12

Terbinafine MOA/adverse effects

Answer 12

Inhibits squalene epoxidase + stops pathway

Question 13

Clotrimazole/fluconazole MOA/adverse effects

Answer 13

Inhibits 14a-demethylase + stops pathway

Question 14

Fusion inhibitor for viral infections

Answer 14

Enfuvirtide

Question 15

Enfuvirtide MOA/adverse effects

Answer 15

prevents viral spike from binding to receptor on cell membrane

Question 16

Entry inhibitor for viral infection

Answer 16

Maraviroc

Question 17

Maraviroc MOA/adverse effects

Answer 17

Binds to specific receptor on human cell membrane to prevent virus from binding

• neutropenia

Question 18

Integration inhibitor for viral infection

Answer 18

Raltegravir

Question 19

Raltegravir MOA/adverse effects

Answer 19

Binds to end of viral genome - inhibits integration into human DNA

• increase liver enzymes / rash

Question 20

Replication inhibitor for viral infection

Answer 20

Acyclovir

Question 21

Acyclovir MOA/adverse effects

Answer 21

Binds to end of DNA, resulting in chain termination

• nausea + headache

Question 22

Assembly inhibitor for viral infection

Answer 22

Forsamprenavir

Question 23

Forsamprenavir MOA/adverse effects

Answer 23

protease inhibitor - breaks down enzyme responsible for assembly of virions

• increase liver enzymes / rash

Question 24

Release inhibitor for viral infection

Answer 24

Oseltamivir

Question 25

Oseltamivir MOA/adverse effects

Answer 25

Neuraminidase inhibitor - fully packaged virus cannot escape human host cell nausea + headache