BACTERIAL GENETICS Flashcards
What does the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria contain?
The cytoplasmic membrane consists of a lipid bilayer structure similar to eukaryotes, but WITHOUT STEROIDS.
-A rigid PEPTIDOGLYCAN (MUREIN) layer surrounds the membrane of most prokaryotes, with the exception if Archea and mycoplasmas.
-Phosphatidylgycerol and Phosphatidylethanolamine (phospholipids), proteins and enzymes.
Bacterial cell division
BINARY FISSION: Replication of bacterial chromosome triggers cell division; the cell wall components grow and extend, then a septum (cross wall) is formed to divide the daughter bacteria into two cells; to make this happen a special type of transpeptidases are needed: PBPs.
During which of the phases of bacterial growth do we have the time to adapt to the new environment before they begin dividing?
This hiatus is the so called LAG PHASE of growth
Which of the following bacteria can produce spores?
Some GRAM-POSITIVE bacteria, especially from the genera Bacillus (bacillus anthracis) and Clostridium (clostridium tetani); never Gram-negative
About bacteria genetics, the mechanism of genetic exchange, which includes the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another through a bacteriophage…..
Bacterial viruses with a genome protected by a membrane can be either integrated into the bacterial chromosome (lysogenic state) or be passed on as an autonomously replicating unit; they can also cause the bacterial cell to replicate to large numbers and to lyse (lytogenic infection)
What are the characteristics of the genetic element called transponsons?
They are mobile genetic elements; INSERTION ELEMENTS
The active uptake and incorporation of exogenous free DNA which is acquired by the recipient cell by the mechanism of…..
TRANSFORMATION; one of the mechanisms of genetic transfer between cells together with conjugation (plasmids) and transduction (bacteriophages).
