Bacterial Growth Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Bacterial growth phases
A
Lag
Log/exponential
Stationary
Death
2
Q
Bactericidal antibiotics act in this phase
A
Log/Exponential
3
Q
Bacterias are metabolically active but not dividing
A
Lag
4
Q
Cell division is rapid
A
Log
5
Q
Rate of division=death rate
A
Stationary
6
Q
Nutrients are greatly reduce
Toxins increased
A
Death
7
Q
Cell division of bacteria
A
Binary fission
8
Q
Extrachromosomal DNA within a cell that is separated from its chromosomal DNA
A
Plasmid
9
Q
Plasmid
A
Carries genes
10
Q
Process of transferring plasmids from one microbe to another
A
Horizontal gene transfer
Bacterial recombination
11
Q
Direct contact and uses sex pili
A
Conjugation
12
Q
Uses bacteriophage to transfer plasmids
A
Transduction
13
Q
Bacterial cell wall
A
Composed of glycoproteins
14
Q
Has a plasma membrane and thick peptidoglyacn layer
A
Gram positive
15
Q
Has a plasma membrane and thin peptidoglycan layer (endotoxins)
A
Gram negative
16
Q
Toxins may cause alterations of some metaboloc processes of the body
A
Endotoxins and exotoxins
17
Q
Toxoids from vaccines
A
Exotoxins
18
Q
Produced by gram+ and gram-
A
Exotoxin
19
Q
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
A
S.aureus
20
Q
Pyrogenic toxin
A
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
21
Q
Most potent toxin known
A
Botulinum toxin
22
Q
Enterotoxin
A
Exotoxin with diarrheal disease
V.cholera
Staph enterotoxin
C.perfringens
23
Q
Integral part if cell wall of gram -
A
Endotoxin
Ex: lipopolysaccharide
24
Q
Endotoxins
A
Cant be converted into toxoids
25
Bacterial staining
Gram stain
| Acid fast stain/Ziehl-neelsen stain
26
Cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis
S.viridans
27
Cause of acute bacterial endocarditis
S.aureus
28
Patients with high risk for B.E.
Prosthetic heart valves
| History of endocarditis
29
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic fever that involves the heart
30
Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients high risk for B.E. but wants extraction
```
Given 30 to 60 minutes before invasive treatment
Amoxicillin: oral or parenteral
2 grams/ 2000mg (adult)
50mg/kg (child)
Ampicillin
Clindamycin: if allergic to penicillin
Oral or parenteral
600mg (adult)
20mg/kg (child)
```
31
Gram+ bacterias
```
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium
Actinomyces
Lactobacillus
Nocardia asteroides
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus
Clostridium
```
32
Bacteria of the skin and mucous membranes
| Grape-like
Staph
33
Bacteria of the oral cavity
| Chain-like
Strep
34
Pus-producing and antibiotic resistant bacteria
Staph
35
Virulence factors of staph
Protein A
Coagulase
Staphylokinase
Hyaluronidase
36
Activates plasminogen producing plasmin
Staphylokinase
37
Clots blood by activating prothrombin to thrombin
Coagulase
38
Spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
39
Prevents complement action
Protein A
40
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Thrombin
41
Responsible for fibrinolysis (blood clot dissolution)
Plasmin
42
Marker for the presence of s.aureus
Coagulase or clumping factor
43
Infection of alveoli causing difficulty in breathing/dyspnea
Pneumonia
44
Cause
A. Viral pneumonia
B. Bacterial pneumonia
A. Influenza virus (adult)
RSV (infant)
B. S.pneumoniae
45
Skin disease with pus
Impetigo/pyoderma
46
MO that cause of pyoderma
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
47
Bone and bone marrow inflammation
Osteomyelitis
| Moth-eaten appearance
48
Inflammatuon of endocardium (heart valves)
Acute bacterial endocarditis
49
Localized pus-containing skin boil
Furuncle (pigsa)
50
Extensive form of furuncle
Carbuncle
51
Most common form of food poisoning
Gastroenteritis
52
MO that is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in patients less than 2y/o
Rotavirus
53
Virulence factors of Strep
Streptokinase
Pneumolysin
M protein
54
Activates plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
55
Cytotoxin mainly of s.pneumoniae
Pneumolysin
56
Antigen of group A beta-hemolytic strep
M protein
57
Responsible for blood clot dissolution
Plasmin
58
Classification of Streps
Alpha hemolytic - incomplete
| Beta hemolytic - complete
59
Used to lyse blood cells
A. Alpha
B. Beta
A. Hydrogen peroxide
| B . Streptolysin
60
Bacterial pneumonia
S.pneumoniae
61
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
S.viridans
62
1st colonizer of plaque
S.sanguis
63
1st colonizer of oral cavity
S. Salivarius (10-12 hrs after birth)
64
Dental plaque
Biofilm
Has dextrans and levans
Seen 24-48 hrs after brushing
Initially formed in interproximal by reaction of salivary enzymes and food
65
Group A strep pathologies
Impetigo
Scarlet fever
Strep.throat
66
Most pathogenic microorganism
S.pyogenes
67
Group A strep MO
S.pyogenes
68
Yellowish honey-colored scabs in skin
| Crusted weeping skin lesion
Impetigo
69
Causes strawberry tongue due to glossitis
Scarlet fever
70
Strep throat
Sterptococcal pharyngitis
71
Strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
| Kawasaki's disease (unknown cause)
72
Post streptococcal hypersentivity
Hypersensitivity to M-protein
Ex: rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
73
```
Generalized rheumatism
Inflammation of brain, heart, skin and joints
-Polyarthritis
-Pancarditis
-Valvular damage (mitral and aortic)
-Chorea
-Erthyema marginatum
```
Rheumatic fever
74
Chorea
Abnormal involuntary movements
| St . Vitu's dance (Sydenham chorea)
75
Erytgema marginatum
Pink torso rings
76
Proteins produced by s.pyogenes is similar with proteins of
Brain
Heart
Skin
Joints
77
Pericarditis associated with rheumatic heart disease
Fibrinoid/bread and butter pericarditis
78
Necrosis of pharyngeal and URT surface producing diphtheritic membrane (gum-like) that causes airway obstruction
Diphtheria
79
Chinese character histo
C.diphtheriae
| Fibrous dysplasia
80
Whooping cough caused by
Bordatella pertussis
| 100 day cough (highly contagious)
81
Chronic suppurative and granulomatous infection that produces pyogenic lesions with interconnecting sinus tracts that cibtain grabules composed of microcolonies of bacteria embedded in tissue elements
Actinomycosis
82
Yellowish sulfur granules
Actinomycosis
83
Babes ernst granules
Diphtheria
84
Most commonly encountered actinomyces
Actinomyces israelii
85
Associated with root surface caries
Actinomycosis viscosus
86
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
Lumpy jaw
87
Treatment for actinomycosis
Antibiotic
88
Partly gram + and acid fast
Nocardia
89
Listeria
Hanging drop mount
Tumbling motility
Listeriosis (diarrhea and headache)
90
Formed by the cell of the conditions become unfavorable for the bacterium
Endospores
91
Best way to eliminate endospores
Autoclave
| 121°c for 15 to 30mins under 15psi
92
Presence of bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
93
Multiplication of bacteria in the blood
Septicemia
94
Consequence of septicemia
Sepsis
95
Obligate aerobe
Bacillus
96
Obligate anearobe
Clostridium
97
Anthrax
Wool sorter's disease
| "Biologic warfare" WW1
98
Disease of herbivores
Anthrax
99
Features of anthrax
```
Central black eschar
Hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of mediastinum
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion
Sepsis
Menigitis
```
100
Tetanus
Lock jaw
| Muscle spasm due to excitation of neurons
101
Results to muscle paralysis or muscle relaxation due to botulinum toxin
Botulism
102
Botulism common in
Canned goods
| Undercooked foods
103
Associated with food poisoning and causes GAS GANGRENE
C.perfringens
104
Part of normal GI flora
C.difficile
105
C.difficile causes
Pseudomembranous colitis (clindamycin)
106
Treatment fo P. Colitis
Metronidazole
| Vancomycin
107
Side effect of vancomycin
Red Man Syndrome
108
Gram negative bacterias
```
Neisseria
Spirochetes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteriodes
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
```
109
Gonorrhea
Venereal disease
110
N.meningitidis causes
Young adult meningitis
111
Associated with Meningitis
E.coli- neonates (0 to 30 days)
H.influenza- infants and children
N.meningitidis- young adults
S.pneumonia- old adults
112
Super infections are due to
Broad spectrum antibiotics
113
Venereal disease
Gonorrhea
| Syphilis
114
Spirochetes
Treponema pallidum
Treponema denticola
Leptospira
115
White lesions
Candidiasis
| White hairy leukoplakia
116
Syphilis AKA
Great pox
| Lues disease
117
Hutchinson's triad/ Congenital syphilis triad
Hutchinson's incisors
Interstitial keratitis
Deafness
118
Histoplasmosis resembles
SCC
119
Treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
| 1st drug: salivarsan
120
Causes periodontal disease
Treponema denticola
121
Cause of vincent's disease
Treponema denticola
122
Vincent's disease AKA
Trench mouth
NUG
ANUG
123
Presence of painful punched-out grayish pseudomembrane in the gingiva
Fetid odor
Vincent's disease
124
Treatment for NUG
Debridement
Irrigation
Penicillin
125
Leptospirosis AKA
Rat fever
| Weil's disease
126
Leptospira usually establish themselves in
Liver and kidney
127
Most common bacteria in severe anaerobic infections like periodontal disease
Bacteriodes
128
Bacteroides reclassified into
Prevotella
| Porphyromonas
129
Bacteroides melanogenicus
Causes black pigments
| Hydrolyzes collagen resulting to bone resorption
130
Obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsia
| Chlamydia
131
Most common STD
Chlamydia
132
Vector
Carries the disease
133
Causative agent
Microorganism
134
Epidemic typhus
A. Aka
B. Causative agent
C. Vector
A. Louse-borne
B. Rickettsia prowazekii
C. Human lice
135
Endemic typhus
A. Aka
B. Causative agent
C. Vector
A. Murine
B. Rickettsia typhi
C. Fleas
136
Rocky mounted spotted fever
R.rickettsia
| Ticks
137
Serratia marcescens
Bright red pigment
| Associated with UTI
138
Caused the bubonic/pneumonic plague (rodents)
Yersinia pestis
139
Causes typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
140
Bacteria in stomach and small intestines
H.pylori
141
Rice watery stool
Cholera
142
Results to bloody diarrhea
Shigellosis
| Amoebiasis
143
Bleeding in lower GIT
Red stool: hematochezia
144
Bleeding in upper GIT
Black stool: melena
145
Acid fast MO
Mycobacterium
| Mycolic acid
146
Pulmonary TB radiograph
Coin lesions (ghon's focus/ghon's tubercle)
147
Ghon's complex
With lymph node involvement
148
Hx of TB
Epitheloid cells
| Langhans cells
149
Most common site of primary pulmonary TB
Apex of lungs
150
TB of the bone
Pott's TB
151
TB of the neck (lymph nodes)
Scrofula
152
Disseminated form of TB
Millary TB
153
Type of necrosis seen in TB
Caseous
154
Causes leprosy
M.leprae
155
Leprosy/ Hansen's disease
Leonine facies
| Lesions involve the cooler tissues of the body
156
Leonine facies
Leprosy
| Paget's disease of bone
157
Treatment for leprosy
Rifampin + Dapsone (sulfonamide)
158
Treacher-Collins syndrome
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
*bird face*
Deficient cheekbone, zygoma and mandible
159
Crouzon's disease
Craniofacial dysostosis
| *frog face*
160
Pierre robin syndrome
*bird-fish syndrome*
161
Common wart
Verruca vulgaris
162
Von recklinghausen's disease of the skin
Neurofibromatosis type 1
163
Clinical featires of von recklinghausens ds of the skin
```
Neurofibroma
Cafe-au-lait spots
Lisch nodules-iris
Crowe's sign- axillary freckles
Mapagkakamalan leprosy
```
