Bacterial Pathogenesis

Question 1

Adherence factor that causes adherence to erythrocytes

Answer 1

Filamentous hemagglutinin

Question 2

Adherence factor that help attach solid bacteria to solid surfaces

Answer 2

Fimbriae

Question 3

Adherence factor that inhibits phagocytosis and aids in adherence

Answer 3

Glycocalyx or capsule

Question 4

Adherence factor that bind bacteria together for transfer of genetic material

Answer 4

Pili

Question 5

Adherence factor that is a tenacious bacterial film that is less compact than capsule

Answer 5

Slime

Question 6

Adherence factors that are cell wall components in gram-positive bacteria that aid in adhesion

Answer 6

Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid

Question 7

Bacterial extracellular substances that act against the host by breaking down 1’ or 2’ defenses of the body aiding the pathogen in invading a host

Answer 7

Invasins

Question 8

Most invasins are proteins (enzymes) that act to damage host cells and/or have effect of facilitating the growth and spread of the pathogen.

Answer 8

Most invasins are proteins (enzymes) that act LOCALLY to damage host cells and/or have IMMEDIATE effect of facilitating the growth and spread of the pathogen.

Question 9

Invasive factor that degrades hyaluronic acid between cells

Answer 9

Hyaluronidase

Question 10

Invasive factor that splits collagen protein

Answer 10

Collagenase

Question 11

Invasive factor that splits lecithin of membrane

Answer 11

Lecithinase

Question 12

Invasive factor that clots fibrin

Answer 12

Coagulase

Question 13

Invasive factor that lyses fibrin clots

Answer 13

Fibrinolysin

Question 14

Invasive factor that degrades proteins, NAs, and fats

Answer 14

Protease, nuclease, lipase

Question 15

Invasive factor that lyses RBCs

Answer 15

hemolysin

Question 16

Invasive factor that lyses leukocytes

Answer 16

Leukocidin

Question 17

Endotoxin or exotoxin?

1.

a. Mostly from gram-positive
b. Mostly from gram-negative

2.

a. Metabolic product of a growing cell
b. Present in LPS of outer membrane of cell wall and released with destruction of cell or during cell division

3.

a. Lipid portion of LPS of outer membrane
b. Proteins, usually with 2 parts

4.

a. Specific for a particular cell structure or function in the host
b. General, such as fever, weaknesses, aches, and shock; all produce the same effects

5.

a. Heat stable, can withstand autoclaving
b. Heat unstable

6.

a. Low toxicity
b. High toxicity

7.

a. Fever-producing
b. Not fever-producing

8.

a. Not easily neutralized by antitoxin thus, effective toxoids cannot be made to immunize against toxin
b. Can be converted to toxoids to immunize against toxin, neutralized by antitoxin

9.

a. Lethal dose is small
b. Lethal dose is considerably larger

10.

a. Representative diseases: Gas gangrene, tetanus, botulism, diphtheria, scarlet fever
b. Representative diseases: Typhoid fever, UTIs, meningococcal meningitis

Answer 17

1.

a. Exotoxin
b. Endotoxin

2.

a. Exotoxin
b. Endotoxin

3.

a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin

4

a. Exotoxin
b. Endotoxin

5.

a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin

6.

a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin

7.

a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin

8.

a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin

9.

a. Exotoxin
b. Endotoxin

10.

a. Exotoxin
b. Endotoxin