Bacterial pneumonia Flashcards
(29 cards)
define community acquired
pneumonia acquired outside of the hospital setting or within 48 hours of hospital admission
define ventilator associated
HAP 48 hours post tracheal incubation
define HAP
develops 48 hours or more post admission
define atypical P
variable, caused by an atypical pathogen not detectable by gram stain and traditional culture
which pneumonia causes the greatest mortality and morbidity worldwide?
CAP
COMMON symptoms
dyspnoea
cough and fever
pain when breathing
what’s pneumonia most common in
young and elderly
2 common pathogens
strep pneumonia
haemophilus influenza
shape and gram stain of strep p
coccus
gram positive
is strep p commensal
yes
why has the PCV vaccine stabilised resistance in strep p
decreased the incidence of penicillin resistant cases
what makes strep p virulent
capsule to avoid immune system- avirulent without this
what h.influenzae is most virulent
type b capsule
what are h.influenzae commonly resistant to?
beta lactams- produce beta lactamases
what vaccine has reduced the H.influenzae cases in children
Hib
what do we look for in pneumonia diagnosis in the bloods?
biomarkers of infection
CRP, procalcitonin
how is diagnosis confirmed in microbiology?
take a sputum sample
why is it hard to find causative pathogen in microbiology?
can only find pathogens we look for
hard to detect atypical causes
what imagine is essential to diagnose pneumonia
Thoratic images
chest Xray is good but CT is preferred
US
chest X-ray is ______ over CT
not preferred
disadvantages of CT?
cost and radiation exposure
severity assessment is done using what?
CURB-65
Pneumonia severity index (1,2,3 are low, 4,5 are severe)
what does CURB stand for? how does it work
confusion urea in blood RR BP 0-4, the lower the number the lower the risk
if they score low on the PSI how do we treat?
want to keep out of hospital, monotherapy given
