bacterial pneumonia I (5) Flashcards

1
Q

which pseudomonias is considered “serious in the context of CF”?

A

B. cepacia

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2
Q

what pseudomonias is considered “common and a serious nosocomial pathogen”

A

P. aeruginosa

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3
Q

what pseudomonias grows green in culture? why?

A

P. aeruginoas because it produces pyocyanin

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4
Q
describe the bacteriology of the pseudomonias
gram
aerobes?
fermenters?
oxidase?
culturable?
A

gram -
non fermenters
oxidase +
grow easily in culture

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5
Q

why are the pseudomonas (besides P. aeruginosa) extremely antibiotic resistant?

A

due to combo of low permeability outer membrane and efflux pumps

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6
Q

what two pseudomonias have very minimal growth requirements?

A

P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia

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7
Q

what are the 4 community acquired presentations of P. aeruginosa?

A
  1. endocarditis in drug addicts
  2. otitis externa in chlorinated hot tubes
  3. osteochondritis in sneaker punctures
  4. corneal infections under contact lens
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8
Q

where is the most likely place for disease presentation with P. aeruginosa?

A

hospital

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9
Q

where is the most likely place for disease presentation with B. cepacia?

A

CF center

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10
Q

where is the most likely place for disease presentation with B. pseudomallei?

A

previously ill travelers/immigrants or vietnam veterans

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11
Q

where is the most likely place for disease presentation with B. mallei?

A

previously ill travelers/immigrants with animal handling hx

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12
Q

why must you treat chlamydia with drugs that can penetrate the human cell membrane

A

bc it is obligate intracellular

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13
Q

briefly explain the “unique manner” in which chlamydia replicates

A

beginning with tiny, infectious, rugged, elementary bodies which “unpack” into reticulate bodies after infection
Reticulate bodies form intracellular inclusions (visible on microscopy) within the inclusions they multiply by binary fission, forming new reticulate bodies and later new elementary bodies.

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14
Q

what 3 types of chlamydia cause pneumonia

A

C. pneumoniae
C. psittaci
C. trachomatis

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15
Q

how do you treat chlamydia

A

tetracyclines (doxy) except prego/peds/allergic who get erythromycin (or alternatives)

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16
Q

how is C. psittaci transmitted

A

via infected birds to humans through respiratory route through direct contact or aerosoliazation

17
Q

which chlamydia do you see horder spots? what are these spots

A

C. psittaci

erythematous. blanching, maculopapular rash

18
Q

what is a known virulence factor of chlamydia? what is its function

A

T3SS used for entry and establishing inclusion bodies

19
Q

list some of the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa (5)

A
  1. endotoxin- cell wall component that causes sepsis
  2. exotoxin- T3SS and exoS will damage cytoskeleton
  3. enzymes- elastase, protease, histotoxic-all facilitate invasion of the blood stream
  4. pyocyanin-interferes with ETC
  5. glycocalyx- antiphagocytic
  6. efflux pumps
20
Q

how will P. aeruginosa appear on triple sugar iron agar

A

as a metallic sheen

21
Q

what is the reservoir for pseudomonad pathogens?

A

envirnmental
P. aeruginosa can also be in normal skin flora
B. mallei is in live stock

22
Q

what are the 3 virulence factors of B. cepacia? what do they do?

A

lipase, metalloproteases, serine proteases

^all destroy tissue

23
Q

what are the virulence factors for B. pseudomallei?

A

capsule-resists endocytosis, enhances spread, adhesions, fimbriae bind to cells