Bacterial Pneumonias

Question 1

What are the 3 non-zoonotic pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia?

Answer 1

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Mycoplasma

Legionella

Question 2

What does strep pneumo look like on blood agar?

Answer 2

Green

Question 3

What antibiotic is strep pneumo sensitive to

Answer 3

Optochin

Question 4

Is strep pneumo virulent in encapsulated AND capsulated form?

Answer 4

Only encapsulated

Question 5

What is a major reservoir of strep pneumo

Answer 5

Asymptomatic carriers

Question 6

How do serotype strep pneumo?

Answer 6

Based on its capsule type

Question 7

What do we base anti-pneumococcal vaccines on?

Answer 7

Strep pneumo’s capsule

Question 8

What does the capsule do for strep pneumo

Answer 8

Can’t get C3b opsonized, cant get phagocytized

Question 9

What 2 virulence factors does strep pneumo use for protection, other than the capsule?

Answer 9

IgA protease

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

Which bacteria has penumolysin and autolysin

Answer 10

Strep pneumo

Question 11

What causes strep pneumo to autolyse (kill itself) and why does it do it

Answer 11

Antibiotics and scarce nutrients= starts killing itself and releasing virulence factors

It’s a way to dampen your immune response

Question 12

How tf does strep pneumo get from your lungs to your brain to cause meningitis?

Answer 12

It has hyaluronidase/neuraminidase to chew through your alveoli and get to your bloodstream= meningits

Question 13

Gram positive lancet shaped diplococci in sputum=

Answer 13

Strep pneumo

Question 14

Do strep pneumo capsules stain?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Positive bile-solubility test

Answer 15

Strep pneumo

Question 16

What does the Quelleng reaction do?

Answer 16

It helps you identify which serogroup of strep pneumo you’re dealing with

(Ex: patient has serotype 2 and you mix it with anti-serotype 2 serum, the cell will SWELL up)

Question 17

What are the 2 vaccines we have for pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 17

23-valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine = for old people

13-Valent capsular polysaccharide vaccine - for kids

Question 18

Is klebisella part of normal flora?

Answer 18

Yes in mouth, skin and intestines

Question 19

What is the primary virulence factor of klebsiellea?

Answer 19

Polysaccharide capsule - keeps it from getting eaten

Question 20

Which bacteria:

Aggressive necrotizing pneumonia in the upper lobes

Usually fatal, even with treatment

Answer 20

Klebsiella

Question 21

Currant jelly sputum

Answer 21

Klebsiella

Question 22

What happens when H influenzae loses its capsule

Answer 22

It becomes “non typeable” but can still cause diseases

Question 23

Has LOS

Answer 23

H influenzae

Question 24

What are the virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae

Answer 24

PRP (major)- resists phagocyt

Neuraminidase

IgA protease

Fimbriae

LOS

Question 25

what does LOS do for h influenzae?

Answer 25

Stops the mucociliary elevator

Question 26

What is the only way you can grow H influenzae on blood agar?

Answer 26

It has to be next to a B-hemolytic organism that can chew up the RBCs for it Causes SATELLITE PHENOMONEN

Question 27

What’s the easiest way to see if your patient has h influenzae

Answer 27

ID-Latex Particle Agglutination test Relies on antigen, not growing the super fastidious bacteria So you can put your patients’ blood/CSF on it even if they’ve already started antibiotics

Question 28

“Fried egg” appearance on culture media

Answer 28

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 29

How does mycoplasma disable your mucociliary escalator?

Answer 29

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 30

Why does it matter if mycoplasma has sterols in its membrane

Answer 30

It helps it disguise itself

Question 31

What organism causes tracheobrochitis (chest cold)

Answer 31

Mycoplasma

Question 32

What is the cold agglutinin assay used to test for

Answer 32

Mycoplasma

Question 33

How do you do a cold agglutinin assay to test for mycoplasma

Answer 33

Put the patients RBCs at 4 degrees Celsius and look for a the RBCs to form a circle (It will detect IgM antibodies that bind to the I antigen on RBCs)

Question 34

Which bacteria has Elementary Bodies and Reticulate bodies

Answer 34

Chlamydia pneumo

Question 35

Which form of chlamydia infects you and which form lives inside your cells

Answer 35

Elementary bodies: infect you Reticulate bodies: intracellular

Question 36

Can we make vaccines for chlamydia

Answer 36

No it is impossible make antibodies/vaccines due to the EB/RB lifecycle

Question 37

What is the body’s primary response to chlamydia pneumo

Answer 37

Neutrophils | You can’t make antibodies, and you can’t have long lasting immunity

Question 38

Its hard af to culture chlamdyia And it’s super tiny so how do you diagnose it

Answer 38

You look for clusters of infected host cells

Question 39

Most legionella infections are from which serogroup?

Answer 39

Serogroup 1 | There are over 70

Question 40

Thin, plemorphic gram negative bacillus with very long flagellae

Answer 40

Legionella

Question 41

Chlamydia can only live INSIDE your cells. Where can legionella live?

Answer 41

Inside AND outside your cells But it only replicates inside your cells

Question 42

What are the 2 different diseases you can get from legionella?

Answer 42

Pontiac fever- 2-5 day short illness. NOT pneumonia Legionnaire’s disease- severe atypical pneumonia. 75% of people die

Question 43

How much tissue damage is expected with legionnaires disease

Answer 43

LARGE SCALE TISSUE DESCTRUCTION QUICK DEATH Fibropurulent NECROTIZING pneumonia

Question 44

Legionella bacteria can only reproduce intracellularly. How are they reproducing when they’re just in the water and not inside you

Answer 44

Inside protozoa

Question 45

Is there long lastinf immunity against legionella

Answer 45

Yes, since it does exist extracellularly, you can build up antibodies

Question 46

What are the 2 tests we an do to see if your patient has legionella

Answer 46

Buffered-charcoal yeast extract medium (gold standard.) Rapid test for antigen in urine

Question 47

Gram negative, aerobic, motile bacillus with a single flagellum and pili

Answer 47

Pseudomonas

Question 48

What does pyocyanin do for pseudomonas

Answer 48

Makes ROS= tissue damage

Question 49

Which bacteria has A-B toxin and Elastases (LasA and LasB)

Answer 49

Pseudomonas

Question 50

Which bacteria has alginate as a virulence factor

Answer 50

Psuedomonas Slimy thing that inhibits the mucociliary escalator AND keeps immune cells from binding to it

Question 51

Is pseudomonas considered extremely virulent

Answer 51

NO!!! It requires a SIGNIFICANT break in normal defenses

Question 52

Your patient smells like grapes, is glowing and coughing up blue-green sputum

Answer 52

Pseudomonas