Bacterial Structure And Functions

Question 1

What type of cell is bacteria?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells

Question 2

What is the role of the prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

• Human disease
• Health
• Can cause disease
• Part of the human microbiota

Question 3

Where can bacteria live?

Answer 3

• Skin
• Body
• Everyday objects

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells is the structure more or less complex? Why?

Answer 4

• Less lack
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Er
• Golgi complexes

Question 5

What are the layers of the bacteria called?

Answer 5

The cell envelope

Question 6

What is the role of the cell wall and where is it found?

Answer 6

• Protect the bacteria
• Found on the outer surface of the cell membrane

Question 7

What is the cell wall composed of?

Answer 7

• Peptidoglycan

Question 8

What does peptidoglycan help differentiate between bacteria?

Answer 8

If they are
- Gram positive
or
- Gram negative

Question 9

How is gram positive bacteria composed?

Answer 9

• Single THICK layer peptidoglycan above the plasma membrane

Question 10

What does gram positive bacteria allow?

Answer 10

• Allows to retain the staining dye
• Because peptidoglycan is above the plasma membrane

Question 11

What does gram negative bacteria have?

Answer 11

• A THINNER layer of petidoglycan
• Sandwiched between surface membrane and plasma membrane

Question 12

What does gram negative bacteria not allow?

Answer 12

Cannot retain dye

Question 13

What does the cell wall help the bacteria maintain ?

Answer 13

Helps bacteria maintain its shape

Question 14

What is a round shaped bacteria called?

Answer 14

Cocci

Question 15

What is a rod shaped bacteria called?

Answer 15

Bacilli

Question 16

What is a spiral shaped bacteria called?

Answer 16

Spirilla

Question 17

What is a bacteria called that can have multiple forms?

Answer 17

Pleomorphic

Question 18

What can SOME bacteria be covered by?

Answer 18

A capsule

Question 19

What is the role of the bacteria capsule?

Answer 19

• Shield that protects against phagocytosis
• Helps bacteria adhere to surfaces
• Virulence factor

Question 20

What is the difference between a bacteria that does not have a capsule and one that has a capsule?

Answer 20

• Strains that lack a capsule are less virulent
• Strains that have a capsule are more virulent

Question 21

What is underneath the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 21

The plasma membrane

Question 22

Why is the plasma membrane the most important layer?

Answer 22

Because it encloses the cytoplasm

Question 23

What is the cytoplasm composed of?

Answer 23

Gel like substance
- Water
- Cell components
- Enzymes
- Molecules

Question 24

What happens if the plasma membrane is removed?

Answer 24

• The cells contents spill into the environment
• The cell no longer exists

Question 25

What is the plasma membrane responsible for?

Answer 25

Relationship with the outside world - Acquires nutrients - Eliminates Waste - Maintains constant, organized state

Question 26

In bacteria the plasma membrane is a?

Answer 26

Selectively permeable barrier

Question 27

What is the role of the plasma membrane in bacteria?

Answer 27

- Allow certain ions and molecules to pass in and out of the cell - Preventing movement of certain ions and molecules - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Synthesis of lipids & cell components

Question 28

What can you find scattered in the cytoplasm?

Answer 28

- Ribosomes -

Question 29

What are ribosomes responsbile for in bacteria and where can they be found?

Answer 29

- Protein synthesis - Found spread in cytoplasm