Bacterial, Viral, HIV Flashcards
(47 cards)
superficial, blistering infection of skin caused by S. aureus and/or group A streptococci; highly contagious and more common in children; poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, hot, humid climates
bullous impetigo
superficial, blistering infection of skin caused by S. aureus and/or group A streptococci; highly contagious and more common in children; poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, hot, humid climates
bullous impetigo
Multiple blisters, 1-3 cm in diameter, contain clear fluid; rupture easily, form an erythematous erosion, covered by a yellow-brown crust, “cornflakes glued to the surface”; perioral but not intraoral; lesions are pruritic; do not have systemic clinical features of a bacterial infection
Bullous impetigo
chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum; primarily through sexual contact and mother to fetus; primary infection usually in young adults; three basic stages
Syphilis
3-90 days after inoculation with signs and symptoms lasting 3-8 weeks; characterized by the chancre (solitary, papular, round to oval, usually painless lesion which develops central ulceration), at site of inoculation; regional, usually bilateral lymphadenopathy
Primary syphilis
Systemic symptoms 4-10 weeks after exposure; sore throat, malaise, HA, weight loss, fever; maculopapular cutaneous rash-widespread but painless; mucous patches; condyloma lata: soft, flat topped papillary lesions usually found in anogenital region and on rare occasion the mouth; Lues maligna (immunocompromised)
Secondary syphilis
Aortic aneurysm, left ventricular hypertrophy congestive heart failure; psychosis, dementia, paresis; Gumma: destructive granulomatous ulceration occurring in skin, oral mucosa, soft tissue, bones or internal organs; oral: on palate or tongue with possible palatal perforation; Leuitic glossitis with diffuse atrophy of the tongue papillae and possible hyperkeratosis
Tertiary syphilis
Maternal transmission possible when mother pregnant during the primary or secondary stages of disease; usually results in miscarriage or stillbirth; congenital malformations usually present; Hutchinson’s triad (ocular interstitial keratitis, eighth nerve deafness, hutchinson’s incisors)
Congenital syphilis
Multiple blisters, 1-3 cm in diameter, contain clear fluid; rupture easily, form an erythematous erosion, covered by a yellow-brown crust, “cornflakes glued to the surface”; perioral but not intraoral; lesions are pruritic; do not have systemic clinical features of a bacterial infection
Bullous impetigo
chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum; primarily through sexual contact and mother to fetus; primary infection usually in young adults; three basic stages
Syphilis
3-90 days after inoculation with signs and symptoms lasting 3-8 weeks; characterized by the chancre (solitary, papular, round to oval, usually painless lesion which develops central ulceration), at site of inoculation; regional, usually bilateral lymphadenopathy
Primary syphilis
Systemic symptoms 4-10 weeks after exposure; sore throat, malaise, HA, weight loss, fever; maculopapular cutaneous rash-widespread but painless; mucous patches; condyloma lata: soft, flat topped papillary lesions usually found in anogenital region and on rare occasion the mouth; Lues maligna (immunocompromised)
Secondary syphilis
Aortic aneurysm, left ventricular hypertrophy congestive heart failure; psychosis, dementia, paresis; Gumma: destructive granulomatous ulceration occurring in skin, oral mucosa, soft tissue, bones or internal organs; oral: on palate or tongue with possible palatal perforation; Leuitic glossitis with diffuse atrophy of the tongue papillae and possible hyperkeratosis
Tertiary syphilis
Maternal transmission possible when mother pregnant during the primary or secondary stages of disease; usually results in miscarriage or stillbirth; congenital malformations usually present; Hutchinson’s triad (ocular interstitial keratitis, eighth nerve deafness, hutchinson’s incisors)
Congenital syphilis
chronic infectious granulomatous disease; transmission by airborne droplet infection; 50% of those exposed are usually infected as measured by PPD skin test conversion; 10-15% of those infected go on to develop disease; usually pulmonary but in children and immunosuppressed can occur in any organ
Tuberculosis
Initial infection commonly affects lungs; non specific chronic inflammatory reaction usually resulting in a localized, calcified nodule at the initial site of involvement- Ghon complex; vital organisms may remain dormant for many years; rarely leads directly to active disease
primary tuberculosis
Active disease presenting with low-grade fever, night sweats, and weight loss; productive cough, often combined with hemoptysis or chest pain; organisms may spread through lymphatic or vascular channels leading to lymphadenopathy; consumption: cachetic-like wasting due to progressive tuberculosis
secondary tuberculosis
Scrofula: contracted through the drinking of contaminated milk, presents with enlargement of oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues and cervical lymph nodes; lymph nodes may calcify or may undergo caseous necrosis with fistulas tract formation; Lupus vulgaris: irregular scaly, plaque-like lesion of skin with weakening of the epithelium and permanent scarring. May involve underlying cartilage w/ destruction
secondary tuberculosis
from the enterovirus family; can be caused by any one of several strains of coxsackievirus, but most commonly caused by coxsackievirus A16; patients complain of sore throat, fever and accompanying cough, vomiting and diarrhea
hand, foot and mouth disease
oral lesions- 2-7 mm ulcerations, diffusely distributed on any oral mucosa or peri-oral; cutaneous lesions- erythematous macules with central vesicles-rarely occur outside hands and feet
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Oral and perioral lesions are fairly common and may precede skin outbreak; vermilion border of lips and palate most common sites; unlike herpetic lesions the oral ulcers are relatively painless
VZV (primary)
acute herpetic gingivostomatitis; occurs in both children and adults (most frequent before age 5); acute onset of malaise, fever, and lymphadenopathy; gingival swelling and erythema seen in all cases; # of lesions is highly variable
Primary HSV 1 infection
Multiple vesicles and ulcers can occur anywhere in the oral cavity, moveable and attached mucosa; clear initially but turn to yellow vesicles; quick to rupture and leave shallow, painful ulcers; mild cases resolve within 5-7 days; rare (keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonitis, meningitis); adult onset often develop pharyngotonsillitis
HSV1
At site of primary inoculation or adjacent to; most common site is lips-vermilion border; herpes labialis, studies claim 15-45% of US population affected; burning, twitching, itching in prodromal stage; symptoms most sever in initial 8 hrs; intraoral recurrence almost always limited to bound keratinized mucosa
secondary HSV1 infection
