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Flashcards in Bacterial Virulence Deck (17)
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1
Q

Virulence

A

The capacity of a microbe to cause damage to the host

2
Q

Virulence factors

A

The properties that enable a microorganism to establish itself on or within a host of a particular species and enhance its potential to cause disease

3
Q

What are 6 main virulence factors?

A

Adhesion, Invasion, Impeding, Aggressin and Modulin

4
Q

Adhesion

A

enables binding of the organism to host tissue

5
Q

Invasion

A

enables the organism to invade a host cell/tissue

6
Q

Impedin

A

enables the organism to avoid host defense mechanism

7
Q

Aggressin

A

cause damage to the host directly

8
Q

Modulin

A

cause damage to the host indirectly

9
Q

What are examples of adhesins?

A

Fibrinogen-binding protein and collagen-binding protein

10
Q

What is TSST-1?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin - a toxin released by some staph aureus and strep isolates which cause TSS, resulting in high fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, sore throat, muscle pain

11
Q

Toxinoses

A

Any disease or lesion caused by the action of a toxin eg. TSS, staph food poisoning, SSS

12
Q

What is SSS?

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome - syndrome is induced by exotoxins A and B, which are released by S. aureus and cause detachment within the epidermal layer, by breaking down the desmosomes. Presents with the widespread formation of fluid-filled blisters

13
Q

Superantigens

A

A class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release. They act as a defense mechanism against the immune system.

14
Q

Which toxins are associated with necrotising pneumonia?

A

PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin) and alpha toxin

15
Q

Which skin infections are strep pyogenes associated with?

A

Impetigo, cellulitis and necrosing fasciitis

16
Q

What are some virulence factors used to evade host defences?

A

Protein A, Proteases, Superantigens, Lipases, phospholipases, Gamma toxin, alpha toxin & PVL, Coagulase, Capsule

17
Q

Where is strep pyogenes most commonly found?

A

Pharynx