Bactericidal Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Amino-glycosides

Question 1

antimicrobial spectrum for amino-glycosides and are they narrow or broad spectrum

Answer 1

narrow, aerobic G- bacilli

Question 2

what two major organs can amino-glycosides cause major damage to

Answer 2

kidney and inner ears

Question 3

MOA of amino-glycosides

Answer 3

bind to 30 s ribosomal subunits

Question 4

are amino-glycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Answer 4

bactericidal

Question 5

which amino-glycosides is the most resistant to bacterial resistance

Answer 5

Amikacin

Question 6

how are amino-glycosides absorbed

Answer 6

best: IV or IM (parentally)

very little is absorbed as PO dose

Question 7

elimination of amino-glycosides

Answer 7

kidneys unmetabolized

Question 8

major adverse affects of amino-glycosides

Answer 8

ototoxicity*
nephrotoxicity* (injure cells in proximal renal tubules)

others:
neuromuscular blockade, hypersensitivity reactions

Question 9

drugs interactions of amino-glycosides

Answer 9

These are beneficial to amino-glycosides and enhance 
      antimicrobial activity: 
PCNs
Cephalosporins 
Vancomycin

Question 10

Gentamicin (Garamycin) primarily targets…

Answer 10

aerobic G- bacilli (P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriae)

Question 11

tx for enterococcal endocarditis in addition to cephalosporins or vancomycin or PCN (by G+ cocci)

Answer 11

Gentamicin

Question 12

how do you administer Gentamicin for systemic infections

Answer 12

IV or IM

Question 13

what do you topical Gentamicin for

Answer 13

G+ / G- ophthalmic infections

Question 14

what is Tobramycin like

Answer 14

Gentamicin, literally mostly the same except it has less activity against enterocci & serratia and more activity against P. aeruginosa

Question 15

what are two outstanding features of Amikacin

Answer 15

1) least vulnerable to inactivation by bacterial enzymes

2) has the boradest spectrum of all amino-glycosides against G- bacilli

Question 16

what is Plazomicin (Zemdri) used for primarily

Answer 16

complicated UTIs

Question 17

what is the most toxic amino-glycosides

Answer 17

neomycin

Question 18

primary use for neomycin

Answer 18

topical- eye, ear, skin

orally- suppresses bacterial flora prior to surgery of intestine