Bacteriology

Question 1

Gram + Branching filiments, anaerobe

Answer 1

Actinomyces

Question 2

Gram + Branching filiments, Aerobe

Answer 2

Nocardia

Question 3

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (+), clusters

Answer 3

Staphylococcus

Question 4

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), chains

Answer 4

Streptococcus

Question 5

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), Capsule, Optochin sensitive

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 6

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), NO Capsule, Optochin resistant, bile insoluble (will grow in bile)

Answer 6

Viridans streptococci

Question 7

Bacitracin sensitive streptococcus

Answer 7

Group A

S. pyogenes

Question 8

Bacitracin resistant streptococcus

Answer 8

S. agalactiae

Question 9

non hemolytic streptococcus

Answer 9

E. faecalis

Question 10

Coagulase positive Staph

Answer 10

Staph aureus

Question 11

Gram + anaerobic rod

Answer 11

Clostridium

Question 12

Gram + aerobic rod

Answer 12

Bacillus

Question 13

Alpha hemolytic bacteria

Answer 13

Form a green ring around the colonies

• Strep pneumoniae (cat- and optochin sensitive)
• Viridans strep (cat - and optochin resistant)

Question 14

B-hemolytic, tumbling motility, menigitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk

Answer 14

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 15

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 15

Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms. Component of normal skin flora

Question 16

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 16

most common cause of MOPS
-menigitis
-otis media (in children)
-pneumonia
-Sinusitis
Encapsulated, IgA protease, rusty sputum

Question 17

Viridans group of Strep

Answer 17

alpha hemolytic; normal flora of the oropharynx and can be seen with dental carries (S. mutans) and valve endocarditis (S. sanguis)

Question 18

Group D Strep

Answer 18

Enterococci; colonic flora…can cause UTIs and endocarditis

Question 19

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 19

causes diptheria via exotoxin (inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2); granules, toxoid vaccine

Question 20

Spore forming Gram +

Answer 20

Anthrax, Clostridium (Tentanus, Botulism…)

Question 21

Clostridia botulinum

Answer 21

inhibits ACh release at NMJ; honey ingestion can cause floppy baby syndrome

Question 22

C. perfringens

Answer 22

Produces alpha toxin; can cause myonecrosis (gas gengrene) and meolysis

Question 23

C. difficile

Answer 23

Diarrhea, Toxin A - enterotoxin, binds brush border
Toxin ytotoxin, destroys cytoskeleton -> pseudomembranous colitis
Rx: metronidazole or oral vancomycin

Question 24

PPD + test results mean:

Answer 24

current infection, past exposure or BCG vaccinated

Question 25

PPD - test results mean:

Answer 25

no infection, anergic (steroids, malnutrition, immunocomprimised, sarcoidosis).

Question 26

Ghon complex

Answer 26

TB granulomas (Ghon focus and lobar/perihilar lymph node involvement) reflects primary infection or exposure.

Question 27

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (symptoms)

Answer 27

fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis | bacteria is Acid Fast.

Question 28

Leprosy

Answer 28

Caused by Mycobacterium leprae acid fast that likes cool temperature resevoir in armadillos

Question 29

Leprosy Rx

Answer 29

long term dapsone

Question 30

Lepromatous leprosy

Answer 30

can be lethal...have "leonine faces" | characterized by low CMI and humoral TH2 response

Question 31

Tuberculoid

Answer 31

limited to skin plaques; high CMI and largely TH1 response

Question 32

Gram - Cocci (maltose fermenter)

Answer 32

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 33

Gram - Cocci (maltose nonfermenter)

Answer 33

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 34

Klebsiella

Answer 34

Alcoholics; red current jelly sputum, lobar pneumoniae...diabetes

Question 35

Lyme disease is caused by

Answer 35

Borrelia burgdorferi, trasmitted by the tick Ixodes.

Question 36

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 36

constricts with accomodation but not to light; associated with 3rd degree syphillis

Question 37

Chlamydiae

Answer 37

Obligate intercellular | 2 forms: elementary and reticulate bodies