Bacteriology Flashcards by Kyla Apps

G(+) cocci
Normally residing in the skin
Purple cocci cluster

Staphylococcus aureus

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G(+) cocci
Infection of the hair follicle causing red, pus-filled swollen follicles

Furuncles: Boils
Carbuncles: Group of furuncles

Folliculitis

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G(+) cocci
Small, flattened, red patches, drying on the face and limbs which develops into pus filled vesicles that eventually crust over

AKA: PYODERMA

Impetigo

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G(+) cocci
Occurs in young women (does not change tampons regularly)

Caused by TSST 1

6 S/Sx: Fever, Hypotension, Erythoderma with desquamation, Profuse diarrhea, multi-organ involvement, scalding

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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G(+) cocci
S/Sx: Perioral erythema with sunburn like rash rapidly turning bright red then spreading to bullae which later on desquamates

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

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G(+) cocci
Caused by ingestion of enterotoxin

Second most common cause of acute food poisoning

6 S/Sx: Acute salivation, Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal cramps, Watery diarrhea, Gastroenteritis

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning

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G(+) cocci
When bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause blood poisoning

Can trigger sepsis

Associated with age extremes, CVD, decompensated diabetes, and heroin addicts

May complicate to endocarditis

Septicemia

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G(+) cocci
Green
Normal flora of oral cavity

Streptococcus viridans

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G(+) cocci
Causes bad breath, dental carries
Loves Carbohydrates: CHO (Carbohydrate) to lactic acid
Complication: Brain abscess

Streptococcus mutans

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G(+) cocci
Most virulent, Important human pathogens

Common Manifestations:
- Scarlet Fever (Strawberry like tongue) AKA: Scarletina, erysipelas
ID: Dick’s Test
-Impetigo AKA: Pyoderma
s/s: Yellow crusted lesions (face)
-Sepsis
-Infectious endocarditis resulted from Tonsilitis, Strep throat (3-5 yr complications)
-Pharyngitis

Complications (1-4 wks after infxn)
-Acute Rheumatic Fever (Heart murmurs, Aschoff’s nodule formation in the heart valves)
-Acute Glomerulonephritis
Txt: Penicillin V

-Necrotizing Fasciitis
Txt: PCN, Clindamycin

Streptococcus pyogenes

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G(+) cocci
Normal flora of female genitalia

Neonatal sepsis/ Meningitis (from mother)

Txt: Cesarian (Baby), Hole in Skull (Mother)

Streptococcus Agalactiae

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G(+) cocci
Liver, intestinal abscess
UTI

Enterococcus (faecalis, faecium, durans)

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G(+) cocci
Normal flora of the colon
Isolated among patients with colon cancer

Streptococcus bovis

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G(+) cocci in chains
Mucopurulent (pus-like: yellow&white) sputum

Streptococcus pneumonia

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Spore-forming G(+) Rods
Only bacteria w/ an amino acid (D-glutamic acid) capsule
-Endospore: Gives extra resistance, Not affected by heat

Causes anthrax

Cutaneous: Localized tissue necrosis “Black eschar lessions”
Respiratory: “Woolsorter’s disease”
GI: Rare but fatal diarrhea

Normal flora of sheep, goat, cattle

ID: MacFaydean reaction test

Medusa head colony appearance

Bacillus anthracis

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Spore-forming G(+) Rods
Non-encapsulated, motile
Produces exotoxin
Food poisoning (fried rice): emetic/diarrheal

Bacillus cereus

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Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of animals
Inh. release of Ach in skeletal muscles: Botulism
Acquired: Deep wound infxn, Vacuum packed or canned foods, Honey eaten by infants

S/s: No contraction
-Flaccid paralysis “Flappy baby syndrome”: starts w/ facial muscles
-Diaphragmatic paralysis: Respiratory arrest
-Diplopia, Slurred speech, Swallowing difficulty

Used in small doses in dermatology: Botos

Txt: Trivalent antitoxin

Clostridium Botulinum

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Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of horses,dogs (fecal matter)

Inh. GABA & glycine (inhibitory) NT

Tetanus

S/s: Highly contracted
-Spastic paralysis
-Ricus sardonicus: Sardonic smile/ Devil’s grin
-Opisthotonus: Hyperarching of back muscles - Spine may break
- Lock jaw

Virulence: Tetanospasmin

Clostridium tetani

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Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
“Flesh eating bacteria”
Gas gangrene (necrosis)

s/s: Myonecrosis- Liberation of foul smelling gas

ID: Nagler’s test

Txt: Amputation, Maggots (eat necrotic tissue-lab grown), Hyperbaric chambers (allow O2 to penetrate for blood flow)

Clostridium perfringens

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Spore-forming G(+) Clostridium
Normal flora of colon
Pseudomembranous colitis (Yellow pus in lining of inflammed intestines

S/s: Bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Associated with use of broad spectrum antibiotics

Clostridium difficile

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Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
V-shaped or palisades: Irregular shaped
“Chinese lettering”
Pleomorphic; Aerobic/facultative Anaerobic
Non-motile, nonencapsulated
Whitish puss in tonsils
Screening test: Schick
Lab Dx: Leoffler’s slant

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
Only G(+) with endotoxin
Has tumbling end-over-end motility at 22C but not at 37C (Amphitrichous)
Facultative anaerobe
Catalase
Produces hemolysin

Listeria monocytogenes

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Non-spore forming G(+) Rods
More common in males (Testosterone and sebum)
Acne
S/s: Comedone (Black, whitehead)

Propionibacterium acnes

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G(-)
Found in GI

EPEC (Enteropathogenic escherichia coli): Infant and children’s diarrhea
ETEC (Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli): Traveler’s diarrhea (Montezuma’s revenge)
EIEC (Enteroinvasive escherichia coli): Similar to shigellosis
EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli): Verotoxin; bloody diarrhea
UTI
Sepsis
Meningitis

Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriaceae)

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G(-) 2nd most common cause of G(-) sepsis Pneumonia Encapsulated

Klebsiella pneumonia

G(-) Very motile, alkaline urine Common cause of UTI and nosocomial infxn

Proteus mirabilis

G(-) Non-motile; non-lactose fermenter Highly adapted to humans Acid resistant Shiga toxin: Inactives 60s ribosomes Fluorescent (No need for staining) Diarrhea & inflammed colon: dehydrated

Shigella dysenteriae

G(-) Mostly motile; non-lactose fermenter Peritrichous Produce H2S (Rotten egg smell) Form acid in glucose and mannose Lives in GI of animals (chicken, broken eggs)

Salmonella sp

G(-) Salmonella sp. Typhoid fever DOC: Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone

Salmonella typhi

G(-) Salmonella sp. Sepsis

Salmonella choleraesius

G(-) Salmonella sp. Diarrhea/Gastroenteritis

Salmonella enetritidis

G(-) Curved rod Exotoxin: Cholera toxin Watery diarrhea: "rice watery" stools Not an invasive infection

Vibrio cholerae (Enterobacteriaceae)

G(-) Spiral shaped, highly motile, microaerophilic Lophotrichious Adherence factors, motility, mucinase Gastritis, gastric/ duodenal ulcers, PUD

Helicobacter pylori

G(-) Small uniform coccobacillus Not influenza Aerobic or facultative anaerobe Encapsulated Similar s/s to flu Causes meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, sepsis Lab Dx: Chocolate agar

Haemophilus influenzae

G(-) AKA koch-Week's bacillus H. influenzae biotype III CM: Conjunctivitis (Reddish sclera, Hardened puss)

Haemophilus aegyptius

G(-) STD CM: Soft chancre/ chancroid (Hard chancre- CM of syphilis) S/s: Ulcerative lesions in genitalia, Lymphadenitis in the groin area

Haemophilus ducreyi

G(-) Brucella sp. Cow CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's dse Teratogenic

Brucella abortus

G(-) Brucella sp. Swine CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's dse Teratogenic

Brucella swine

G(-) Brucella sp. Dog CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's dse

Brucella cannis

G(-) Brucella sp. Goat CM: Brucellosis AKA Malta fever, undulant fever, Bang's dse

Brucella miletensis

G(-) CM: Tularemia AKA Rabbit fever, deer fly fever S/s: Swollen lymph nodes

Francisella Tularensis

G(-) CM: Bubonic plague AKA Black death, Black plague (PPE w/ beak with herbals) s/s: Buboes (wound), necrosis, swollen lymph nodes Vector: Rat flea

Yersinia pestis

G(-) "Whooping cough" Fastidious coccobacilli (+) capsule in virulent strains Strict aerobe Prevention: DTP/DPT (Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis) vaccine

Bordetella pertussis

G(-) Facultative intracellular Aerobic, fastidious Natural habitat: WATER Pneumonia like symptoms Causes legionnaire's dse (Spreaded by aircon) and Pontiac fever

Legionella pneumophila

G(-) Diplococci Life threatening when it reaches the blood Meningococcus Glucose and maltose fermenter Piliated Meningitis, meningococcemia

Neisseria meningitides

G(-) AKA Tulo = puss Gonorrhea, STD PID Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (Puss in eyes) Prevention: treat mother first (PID) /c-section Txt: Erythromycin (new), 1% Silver Nitrate (old)

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

G(-) Produce pigment in agar Motile, obligate aerobic rods Occurs as single bacterium, in pairs in short chains Does not ferment carbohydrates UTI, pneumonia Pigments produced: Pyocyanin, Pyoverdin, Pyorubin, Pyomelanin

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Small, obligate, intracellular Energy parasites Contain DNA, RNA Can synthesize own CHONS

Chlamydia and Rickettsiae

Obligate intracellular bacteria that occupy a nonacidified vacuole during their entire developmental cycle Elementary Bodies (EB): Infective form Reticulate Bodies (RB): Non-infective form Causes conjunctivitis, cervicitis, pneumonia C. trachomatis: Trachoma C. pneumoniae: Atypical pneumonia C. psittaci: Psittacosis-Ornithosis (Bird infxn)

Chlamydia

G(-) Pleomorphic coccobacilli Peptidoglycan-ctg muraminic acid and diaminopimelic acid Growth enhanced by sulfonamides Vector: transmitted via ticks, mites, louse, fleas ID test: Weil-Felix Test s/s: diffused rashes from arthropod bite Txt: TCN, Chloramphenicol, increased resistance to sulfonamides

Rickettsia

G(-) "Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever" Flat spots Fever, conjunctival redness, severe headache, rash Vector: WOOD TICK or DOG TICK

Rickettsia rickettsii

G(-) CM: Brill-Zinser's Dse/ epidemic typhus Vector: LOUSE Murine Typhus Vector: RAT FLEA

Rickettsia prowazekii

G(-) CM: Scrub Typhus Vector: MITE

Orientia tsutugamushi

G(-) CM: Rickettsial Pox Vector: MITE

Rickettsia akari

G(-) CM: Queensland Tick Fever Vector: TICK

Rickettsia australis

G(-) Spiral, motile Have axial filaments/Endoflagella Cork screw movement Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Spirochetes

G(-) Microaerophilic Darkfield microscopy (no staining), Immunoflourescence, Silver stains Cause syphilis (STD) 1. Congenital (newborn, during 4th month) s/s: Keratoconjunctivitis, perforated palate, saddle nose, patchy mucus membrane, Hutchinson's teeth ID: Flourescent Treponema test 2. Acquired/STD 1st stage: Hard chancre 2nd stage: Condylema- macupapular rash with cigar butt like burn Latent: Several years 3rd: stage: Gummas (untreated syphilis) characterized by CNS problems ID test: Venereal dse research lab test (VDRL), Rapid plasma regain Txt: DOC: Pen G administered at gluteus maximuss

Treponema pallidum

G(-) Highly flexible Can be cultured in fluid media (Blood serum and tissue) Causes relapsing fever Vector: WHITE FOOTED MOUSE & WHITE TILED DEER TICK

Borrelia recurrentis

G(-) CM: Lyme's dse Vector: IXODES TICK s/s: erythema chronicum migrams (Bull's eye rash)

Borrelia burgdorferi

G(-) Tightly coiled, thin, flexible Causes Leptospirosis CM: Leptospirosis/ Weil's Dse- Rodents, dogs, bats, squirrels (Urine) Acquired from contaminated water through broken skin s/s: nephritis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly, jaundice, bloodshot eyes Culture: Fletcher's media Txt: DOC: Doxycycline

Leptospira interrogans

Rod shaped, aerobic Do not form spores Resist decolorization by acid or alcohol

Acid Fast Bacteria

Contains mycolic acid Waxy lipid (slippery) Dyes are easy to remove

Mycobacterium

Acid Fast Bacteria Intracellular organism Slow growing (12-20hr) Weakly G(+) cell wall Resist drying Sensitive to UV, phenol, Hypochlorite, heat Virulence factor: cord factor, intracellular survival Growth: Lowenstein-Jesten medium AKA Koch's bacillus CM: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), Extrapulmonary tubercolosis (EPTB) - TB of skin, bones, kidney, and other organs s/s: afternoon fatigue, pm fever, loss of appetite, and weight (rapid), cough, hemoptysis (Bloddy sputum) Dx: Mantoux test (old) -tuberculin Purified protein derivative (new) (PPD)- Skin test TB-DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course): Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid Fast Bacteria Hansen's disease AKA Leprosy Found in scrapings from skin or mucous membrane in lepromatous leprosy Attacks colder tissue of the body (ears, nose, cheeks, scrotum) Txt: DOC: Dapsone SE: Erythema nodosum leprosum

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae Benign type (removed through surgery) CM: Blotchy, flat lesions (+) in lepromin skin test

Tuberculoid (TL)

Mycobacterium laprae CM: Disfiguring appearance (leonine/lion like), thickening of eyebrows, lips, cheeks Disintegration of body part, Malignant type (Spreads in the body) (-) in lepromin skin test

Lepromatous (LL)

Bacteriology Flashcards

(67 cards)